List of tallest buildings

For other tall constructions, see List of tallest structures and List of tallest buildings and structures.

This is a list of the tallest buildings. Tall buildings, such as skyscrapers, are intended here as enclosed structures with continuously occupiable floors and a height of at least 350 metres (1,150 ft). Such definition excludes non-building structures, such as towers.

The 828-metre (2,717 ft) tall Burj Khalifa in Dubai has been the tallest building since 2010.^[1] The Burj Khalifa has been classified as megatall.^[2]

A diagram showing the tallest buildings as of 2024

History

Main article: History of the world's tallest buildings

Historically, the world's tallest man-made structure was the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, which held the position for over 3800 years^[3] until the construction of Lincoln Cathedral in 1311. The Strasbourg Cathedral in France, completed in 1439, was the world's tallest building until 1874.

The first building considered to be a skyscraper was the 138 ft (42.1 m) Home Insurance Building, built in Chicago in 1885. The United States would remain the location of the world's tallest building throughout the 20th century until 1998, when the Petronas Towers were completed. Since then, two other buildings have gained the title: Taipei 101 in 2004 and Burj Khalifa in 2010.^[4] Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Middle East, China, and Southeast Asia have experienced booms in skyscraper construction.^[5]

Ranking criteria and alternatives

The international non-profit organization Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) was formed in 1969 and announces the title of "The World's Tallest Building" and sets the standards by which buildings are measured. It maintains a list of the 100 tallest completed buildings in the world.^[6] The organization currently ranks Burj Khalifa in Dubai as the tallest at 828 m (2,717 ft).^[6] However, the CTBUH only recognizes buildings that are complete, and some buildings included within the lists in this article are not considered finished by the CTBUH.

In 1996, as a response to the dispute as to whether the Petronas Towers or the Sears Tower was taller,^[7] the council listed and ranked buildings in four categories:^[8]

• height to structural or architectural top;
• height to floor of highest occupied floor;
• height to top of roof (removed as category in November 2009);^[9] and
• height to top of any part of the building.

All categories measure the building from the level of the lowest significant open-air pedestrian entrance.^[10]

Spires are considered integral parts of the architectural design of buildings, changes to which would substantially change the appearance and design of the building, whereas antennas may be added or removed without such consequences. The Petronas Towers, with their spires, are thus ranked higher than the Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower) with its antennas, despite the Petronas Towers' lower roofs and lower highest point.^[8]

Until 1996, the world's tallest building was defined by the height to the top of the tallest architectural element, including spires but not antennae.^[8] In 1930, this definitional argument led to a rivalry between the Bank of Manhattan Building and the Chrysler Building. The Bank of Manhattan Building (i.e. 40 Wall Street) employed only a short spire, was 282.5 m (927 ft) tall, and had a much higher top occupied floor (the second category in the 1996 criteria for tallest building). In contrast, the Chrysler Building employed a very large 38.1 m (125 ft) spire secretly assembled inside the building to claim the title of world's tallest building with a total height of 318.9 m (1,046 ft), although it had a lower top occupied floor and a shorter height when both buildings' spires were excluded.

Upset by Chrysler's victory, Shreve & Lamb, the consulting architects of the Bank of Manhattan Building, wrote a newspaper article claiming that their building was actually the tallest, since it contained the world's highest usable floor, at 255 m (837 ft). They pointed out that the observation deck in the Bank of Manhattan Building was nearly 30 m (98 ft) above the top floor in the Chrysler Building, whose surpassing spire was strictly ornamental and inaccessible.^[11]

The Burj Khalifa currently tops the list regardless of which criterion is applied, though at a much lower margin when measured to highest occupied floor.^[12][13]

Tallest buildings in the world

As of 20 November 2024, this list includes all 95 buildings (completed and architecturally topped out) that reach a height of 350 m (1,150 ft) or more, as assessed by their highest architectural feature. The building is considered as architecturally topped out when it is under construction, structurally topped out, fully clad, and the highest finished architectural elements are in place.^[10]

Of these buildings, almost half are in China. Six of the last seven buildings to have held the record as 'tallest building' are still found in the list, with the exception being the North Tower of the original World Trade Center at 417 m (1,368 ft) after its destruction in the September 11 attacks of 2001. If the Twin Towers were never destroyed, and One World Trade Center was never built, the WTC towers would rank 36 and 37 on the list today.

Clear

Denotes building that is or was once the tallest in the world

	Name	Height[14]		Floors	Image	City	Country	Year	Comments	Ref
		m	ft
1	Burj Khalifa	828.0	2,717	163 (+ 2 below ground)		Dubai	United Arab Emirates	2010	Tallest building in the world since 2009	[15]
2	Merdeka 118	678.9	2,227	118 (+ 5 below ground)		Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	2024	Tallest building in Southeast Asia, ASEAN and Malaysia	[16]
3	Shanghai Tower	632.0	2,073	128 (+ 5 below ground)		Shanghai	China	2015	Tallest building in East Asia and China and contains the highest luxury hotel in the world; Tallest twisted building	[17]
4	Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower	601.0	1,972	120 (+ 3 below ground)		Mecca	Saudi Arabia	2012	Tallest building in Saudi Arabia, tallest clock tower and contains the highest museum in the world	[18]
5	Ping An International Finance Centre	599.1	1,966	115 (+ 5 below ground)		Shenzhen	China	2017		[19]
6	Lotte World Tower	554.5	1,819	123 (+ 6 below ground)		Seoul	South Korea	2017	Tallest building in South Korea and the OECD	[20]
7	One World Trade Center	541.3	1,776	94 (+ 5 below ground)		New York City	United States	2014	Tallest building outside of Asia; tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, the Americas, North America and the USA; tallest building on an island	[21]
8	Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre	530.0	1,740	111 (+ 5 below ground)		Guangzhou	China	2016		[22]
	Tianjin CTF Finance Centre			97 (+ 4 below ground)		Tianjin		2019	Τallest building in the world with fewer than 100 floors	[23]
10	CITIC Tower	527.7	1,731	109 (+ 8 below ground)		Beijing		2018		[24]
11	Taipei 101	508.0	1,667	101 (+ 5 below ground)		Taipei	Taiwan	2004	Tallest building in the world from 2004 till 2010; tallest building in Taiwan	[25]
12	Shanghai World Financial Center	492.0	1,614	101 (+ 3 below ground)		Shanghai	China	2008		[26]
13	International Commerce Centre	484.0	1,588	108 (+ 4 below ground)		Hong Kong	China	2010	Tallest building in Hong Kong	[27]
14	Wuhan Greenland Center	475.6	1,560	101 (+ 6 below ground)		Wuhan	China	2023		[28]
15	Central Park Tower	472.4	1,550	98 (+ 4 below ground)		New York City	United States	2021	Tallest residential building	[29]
16	Lakhta Center	462.0	1,516	87 (+ 3 below ground)		Saint Petersburg	Russia	2019	Tallest building in Europe and Russia; Northernmost skyscraper in the world	[30]
17	Landmark 81	461.2	1,513	81 (+ 3 below ground)		Ho Chi Minh City	Vietnam	2018	Tallest building in Vietnam	[31]
18	Chongqing International Land-Sea Center	458.0	1,503	98 (+ 4 below ground)		Chongqing	China	2024
19	The Exchange 106	453.6	1,488	95 (+ 6 below ground)		Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	2019		[32]
20	Changsha IFS Tower T1	452.1	1,483	94 (+ 5 below ground)		Changsha	China	2018		[33]
21	Petronas Tower 1	451.9	1,483	88 (+ 5 below ground)		Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	1998	Tallest building in the world from 1998 till 2004; tallest building built in the 20th century; Tallest twin buildings	[34][35]
	Petronas Tower 2
23	Zifeng Tower	450.0	1,480	89 (+ 5 below ground)		Nanjing	China	2010		[36]
	Suzhou IFS			95 (+ 5 below ground)		Suzhou		2019		[37]
25	Wuhan Center	443.1	1,454	88 (+ 4 below ground)		Wuhan		2019		[38]
26	Willis Tower	442.1	1,450	108 (+ 3 below ground)		Chicago	United States	1974	Tallest building in the world from 1974 till 1998	[39]
27	KK100	441.8	1,449	98 (+ 4 below ground)		Shenzhen	China	2011		[40]
28	Guangzhou International Finance Center	438.6	1,439	101 (+ 4 below ground)		Guangzhou		2010		[41]
29	111 West 57th Street	435.3	1,428	84 (+ 2 below ground)		New York City	United States	2021	Slenderest skyscraper in the world	[42][43]
30	Shandong International Financial Center	428	1,404	88 (+ 4 below ground)		Jinan	China	2023		[44]
31	One Vanderbilt	427.0	1,401	62 (+ 4 below ground)		New York City	United States	2020		[45]
32	Nanjing Financial City Phase II Plot C Tower 1	426	1,398	88		Nanjing	China	2025		[46]
33	432 Park Avenue	425.7	1,397	85 (+ 3 below ground)		New York City	United States	2015		[47]
34	Marina 101	425.0	1,394	101 (+ 6 below ground)		Dubai	United Arab Emirates	2017		[48]
35	Trump International Hotel and Tower	423.2	1,388	98 (+ 2 below ground)		Chicago	United States	2009		[49]
36	JPMorgan Chase World Headquarters	423	1,388	60		New York City	United States	2025		[50]
37	Minying International Trade Center 1	422.6	1,386	85 (+ 3 below ground)		Dongguan	China	2021		[51]
38	Jin Mao Tower	420.5	1,380	88 (+ 3 below ground)		Shanghai		1999		[52]
39	Princess Tower	413.4	1,356	101 (+ 6 below ground)		Dubai	United Arab Emirates	2012		[53]
40	Al Hamra Tower	412.6	1,354	80 (+ 3 below ground)		Kuwait City	Kuwait	2011	Tallest building in Kuwait	[54]
41	Two International Finance Centre	412.0	1,352	88 (+ 6 below ground)		Hong Kong	China	2003		[55]
42	Haeundae LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower	411.6	1,350	101 (+ 5 below ground)		Busan	South Korea	2019		[56]
43	Ningbo Central Plaza	409	1,342	80		Ningbo	China	2024		[57]
44	Guangxi China Resources Tower	402.7	1,321	86 (+ 3 below ground)		Nanning		2020		[58]
45	Guiyang International Financial Center T1	401.0	1,316	79 (+ 5 below ground)		Guiyang		2020		[59][60]
46	Iconic Tower	393.8	1,292	77 (+ 2 below ground)		New Administrative Capital	Egypt	2023	Tallest building in Africa and Egypt	[61]
47	China Resources Tower	392.5	1,288	68 (+ 5 below ground)		Shenzhen	China	2018		[62]
48	23 Marina	392.4	1,287	88 (+ 4 below ground)		Dubai	United Arab Emirates	2012		[63]
49	CITIC Plaza	390.2	1,280	80 (+ 2 below ground)		Guangzhou	China	1996		[64]
50	Citymark Centre	388.3	1,274	70 (+ 7 below ground)		Shenzhen		2022		[65]
51	Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1	388.1	1,273	80 (+ 3 below ground)				2020		[66]
52	30 Hudson Yards	387.1	1,270	73 (+ 1 below ground)		New York City	United States	2019		[67]
53	Public Investment Fund Tower	385.0	1,263	72 (+ 4 below ground)		Riyadh	Saudi Arabia	2021
54	Shun Hing Square	384.0	1,260	69 (+ 3 below ground)		Shenzhen	China	1996		[68]
55	Eton Place Dalian Tower 1	383.2	1,257	80 (+ 4 below ground)		Dalian		2016		[69]
56	Autograph Tower	382.9	1,256	75 (+ 6 below ground)		Jakarta	Indonesia	2022	Tallest building in Indonesia. Tallest building in the Southern Hemisphere.[70]	[71]
57	Logan Century Center 1	381.3	1,251	82 (+ 4 below ground)		Nanning	China	2018		[72]
58	Burj Mohammed bin Rashid	381.2	1,251	88 (+ 5 below ground)		Abu Dhabi	United Arab Emirates	2014		[73]
59	Empire State Building	381.0	1,250	102 (+ 1 below ground)		New York City	United States	1931	Tallest building in the world from 1931 till 1972; tallest pre-WWII building	[74]
60	Elite Residence	380.5	1,248	87 (+ 4 below ground)		Dubai	United Arab Emirates	2012		[75]
61	Riverview Plaza	376.0	1,234	73 (+ 3 below ground)		Wuhan	China	2021		[76]
62	Guangdong Business Center	376	1,234	60		Guangzhou		2024		[77]
63	Dabaihui Plaza	375.6	1,232	70 (+ 4 below ground)		Shenzhen		2021
64	Central Plaza	373.9	1,227	78 (+ 3 below ground)		Hong Kong	China	1992	Contains the highest church in the world inside a skyscraper	[78]
65	Federation Tower (East Tower)	373.7	1,226	93 (+ 4 below ground)		Moscow	Russia	2016		[79]
66	Hengfeng Guiyang Center Tower 1	373.5	1,225	77 (+ 5 below ground)		Guiyang	China			[80]
67	Dalian International Trade Center	370.2	1,215	86 (+ 7 below ground)		Dalian		2019		[81]
68	Shanghai International Trade Center Tower 1	370	1,214	75		Shanghai		2025		[82]
69	Address Boulevard	370.0	1,214	73 (+ 3 below ground)		Dubai	United Arab Emirates	2017		[83]
70	Haitian Center Tower 2	368.9	1,210	73 (+ 6 below ground)		Qingdao	China	2021		[84]
71	Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower A	368.1	1,208	77 (+ 4 below ground)		Nanjing		2019		[85]
72	Bank of China Tower	367.4	1,205	72 (+ 4 below ground)		Hong Kong	China	1990		[86]
73	Bank of America Tower	365.8	1,200	55 (+ 3 below ground)		New York City	United States	2009		[87]
74	Ciel Tower	365.5	1,199	81		Dubai	UAE	2024	Tallest Hotel in the world	[88]
75	St. Regis Chicago	362.9	1,191	101 (+ 5 below ground)		Chicago	United States	2020	Tallest structure in the world designed by a woman	[89]
76	Almas Tower	360	1,180	68 (+ 5 below ground)		Dubai	United Arab Emirates	2008		[90]
	Ping An Finance Center Tower 1			62 (+ 3 below ground)		Jinan	China	2023		[91]
78	Huiyun Center	359.2	1,178	80		Shenzhen		2023		[92]
79	Hanking Center	358.9	1,177	65 (+ 5 below ground)		Shenzhen		2018		[93]
80	Greenland Group Suzhou Center	358.0	1,175	77 (+ 3 below ground)		Suzhou		2024		[94][95]
81	Gevora Hotel	356.3	1,169	75 (+ 2 below ground)		Dubai	United Arab Emirates	2017		[96]
82	Galaxy World Tower 1	356.0	1,168	71 (+ 5 below ground)		Shenzhen	China	2023		[97][98]
	Galaxy World Tower 2
	Il Primo Tower	356.0	1,168	79		Dubai	United Arab Emirates	2022		[99]
85	JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 1	355.4	1,166	82 (+ 2 below ground)				2012		[100][101]
	JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 2							2013
87	Emirates Office Tower	354.6	1,163	54				2000		[102]
88	Raffles City Chongqing T3N	354.5	1,163	79 (+ 3 below ground)		Chongqing	China	2019		[103][104]
	Raffles City Chongqing T4N			74 (+ 3 below ground)
89	OKO – South Tower	354.2	1,162	90 (+ 2 below ground)		Moscow	Russia	2015		[105]
90	CBRT Tower	352.0	1,155	59		Istanbul	Turkey	2024		[106]
91	The Marina Torch	352.0	1,155	86 (+ 4 below ground)		Dubai	United Arab Emirates	2011		[107]
92	Forum 66 Tower 1	350.6	1,150	68 (+ 4 below ground)		Shenyang	China	2015		[108]
93	The Pinnacle	350.3	1,149	60 (+ 6 below ground)		Guangzhou		2012		[109]
94	Xi'an Glory International Financial Center	350.0	1,148	75 (+ 4 below ground)		Xi'an		2021		[110]

Alternative measurements

Height to pinnacle (highest point)

Tallest buildings by pinnacle height, including all masts, poles, antennae, etc. in 2014

This measurement disregards distinctions between architectural and non-architectural extensions, and simply measures to the highest point, irrespective of material or function of the highest element.^[10]

This measurement is useful for air traffic obstacle determinations, and is also a wholly objective measure. However, this measurement includes extensions that are easily added, removed, and modified from a building and are independent of the overall structure.

This measurement only recently came into use, when the Petronas Towers passed the Sears Tower (now named Willis Tower) in height. The former was considered taller because its spires were considered architectural, while the latter's antennae were not. This led to the split of definitions, with the Sears Tower claiming the lead in this and the height-to-roof (now highest occupied floor) categories, and with the Petronas claiming the lead in the architectural height category.

If the World Trade Center towers were still standing, the North (1,368 feet (417 m)) and South Towers (1,362 feet (415.1 m)) would fall between numbers 35 and 36 on the current list (as it can be assumed the rebuilt One World Trade Center would have never been built).

†	Denotes building with pinnacle height higher than architectural

Rank	Building	City	Country	Height		Floors	Built
1	Burj Khalifa†	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	829.8 m	2,722 ft	163	2010
2	Merdeka 118†	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	680.1 m	2,231 ft	118	2023
3	Shanghai Tower	Shanghai	China	632 m	2,073 ft	128	2015
4	Abraj Al-Bait Towers	Mecca	Saudi Arabia	601 m	1,971 ft	120	2012
5	Ping An Finance Center	Shenzhen	China	599.1 m	1,965 ft	115	2016
6	Lotte World Tower†	Seoul	South Korea	555.7 m	1,823 ft	123	2016
7	One World Trade Center†	New York City	United States	546.2 m	1,792 ft	104	2014
8	Tianjin CTF Finance Centre†	Tianjin	China	530.4 m	1,740 ft	98	2019
9	Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre	Guangzhou	China	530 m	1,739 ft	111	2016
10	China Zun	Beijing	China	528 m	1,732 ft	108	2018
11	Willis Tower†	Chicago	United States	527 m	1,729 ft	108	1974
12	Taipei 101	Taipei	Taiwan	508 m	1,667 ft	101	2004
13	Shanghai World Financial Center†	Shanghai	China	494.3 m	1,622 ft	101	2008
14	International Commerce Centre	Hong Kong	China	484 m	1,588 ft	118	2010
15	Wuhan Greenland Center	Wuhan	China	475.6 m	1,560 ft	97	2021
16	Central Park Tower	New York City	United States	472.4 m	1,550 ft	98	2020
17	Landmark 81†	Ho Chi Minh City	Vietnam	469.5 m	1,540 ft	81	2018
18	Lakhta Center	St. Petersburg	Russia	462 m	1,516 ft	86	2019
19	International Land-Sea Center	Chongqing	China	458.2 m	1,503 ft	98	2022
20	John Hancock Center†	Chicago	United States	456.9 m	1,499 ft	100	1969
21	The Exchange 106	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	453.6 m	1,488 ft	95	2019
22	Changsha IFS Tower T1	Changsha	China	452.1 m	1,483 ft	94	2018
23	Petronas Tower 1	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	451.9 m	1,483 ft	88	1998
23	Petronas Tower 2	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	451.9 m	1,483 ft	88	1998
25	Zifeng Tower	Nanjing	China	450 m	1,476 ft	89	2010
25	Suzhou IFS	Suzhou	China	450 m	1,476 ft	98	2019
27	Empire State Building†	New York City	United States	443.2 m	1,454 ft	102	1931
28	Kingkey 100	Shenzhen	China	441.8 m	1,449 ft	100	2011
29	Guangzhou International Finance Center	Guangzhou	China	438.6 m	1,445 ft	103	2009
30	Wuhan Center	Wuhan	China	438 m	1,437 ft	88	2019
31	111 West 57th Street	New York City	United States	435.3 m	1,428 ft	82	2020
32	Dongguan International Trade Center 1	Dongguan	China	426.9 m	1,401 ft	88	2020
33	One Vanderbilt	New York City	United States	427 m	1,401 ft	58	2020
34	432 Park Avenue	New York City	United States	425.5 m	1,396 ft	85	2015
35	Marina 101	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	425 m	1,394 ft	101	2017
36	Trump International Hotel and Tower	Chicago	United States	423.2 m	1,388 ft	96	2009
37	Jin Mao Tower	Shanghai	China	421 m	1,381 ft	88	1998
38	Princess Tower†	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	414 m	1,358 ft	101	2012
39	Al Hamra Tower	Kuwait City	Kuwait	412.6 m	1,354 ft	80	2010
40	Two International Finance Centre	Hong Kong	China	412 m	1,352 ft	88	2003
41	Haeundae LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower	Busan	South Korea	411.6 m	1,350 ft	101	2019
42	Guangxi China Resources Tower	Nanning	China	402.7 m	1,321 ft	85	2019
43	Guiyang Financial Center Tower 1[59]	Guiyang	China	401 m	1,316 ft	79	2021

Height to occupied floor

Tallest buildings by highest occupied floor in 2022.

This height is measured to the highest occupiable floor within the building.^[10]

Rank	Building	City	Country	Height	Floors	Built
1	Burj Khalifa	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	585.4 m (1,921 ft)	163	2010
2	Shanghai Tower	Shanghai	China	583.4 m (1,914 ft)	128	2015
3	Ping An Finance Center	Shenzhen	China	562.2 m (1,844 ft)	115	2016
4	China Zun	Beijing	China	515.5 m (1,691 ft)	108	2018
5	Merdeka 118	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	502.8 m (1,650 ft)	118	2023
6	Lotte World Tower	Seoul	South Korea	497.6 m (1,633 ft)	123	2016
7	Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre	Guangzhou	China	495.5 m (1,626 ft)	111	2016
8	Abraj Al-Bait Towers	Mecca	Saudi Arabia	494.4 m (1,622 ft)	120	2012
9	Shanghai World Financial Center	Shanghai	China	474 m (1,555 ft)	101	2008
10	International Commerce Centre	Hong Kong	China	468.8 m (1,538 ft)	118	2010
11	Tianjin CTF Finance Centre	Tianjin	China	439.4 m (1,442 ft)	97	2018
12	Taipei 101	Taipei	Taiwan	438 m (1,437 ft)	101	2004
13	Central Park Tower	New York City	United States	431.8 m (1,417 ft)	98	2020
14	Changsha IFS Tower T1	Changsha	China	431 m (1,414 ft)	94	2017
15	International Land-Sea Center	Chongqing	China	429.8 m (1,410 ft)	98	2022
16	KK100	Shenzhen	China	427.1 m (1,401 ft)	98	2011
17	Guangzhou International Finance Center	Guangzhou	China	415.1 m (1,362 ft)	101	2010
18	Willis Tower	Chicago	United States	412.7 m (1,354 ft)	108	1974

Height to roof

This list of tallest buildings by height to roof ranks completed skyscrapers by height to roof which reach a height of 300 metres (984 ft) or more. Only buildings with continuously occupiable floors are included, thus non-building structures, including towers, are not included. Some assessments of the tallest building use 'height to roof' to determine tallest building, as 'architectural feature' is regarded as a subjective and an imprecise comparative measure. However, in November 2009, the CTBUH stopped using the roof height as the metric for tall buildings because modern tall buildings rarely have a part of the building that can categorically be deemed the roof.^[111]

Rank	Building	City	Country	Height (m)	Height (ft)	Floors	Built	Reference
1	Burj Khalifa	Dubai	UAE	739.4 m	2,426 ft	163	2010	[112]
2	Shanghai Tower	Shanghai	China	574.5 m	1,885 ft	127	2015	[113]
3	Ping An Finance Center	Shenzhen	China	555 m	1,821 ft	115	2016	[114]
4	Merdeka 118	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	518.2 m	1,700 ft	118	2023	[115]
5	Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre	Guangzhou	China	518 m	1,699 ft	111	2016	[116]
6	Abraj Al-Bait Towers	Mecca	Saudi Arabia	508 m	1,666 ft	120	2012	[117][118]
7	Lotte World Tower	Seoul	South Korea	497.6 m	1,633 ft	123	2016	[citation needed]
8	Shanghai World Financial Center	Shanghai	China	487.41 m	1,599 ft	101	2008	[119]
9	International Commerce Centre	Hong Kong	China	479.83 m	1,574 ft	118	2010	[120]
10	Central Park Tower	New York City	United States	472.44 m	1,550 ft	131	2019	[121]
11	Tianjin CTF Finance Centre	Tianjin	China	471.1 m	1,545 ft	97	2019	[122]
12	Taipei 101	Taipei	Taiwan	449.20 m	1,471 ft	101	2004	[123]
13	Willis Tower	Chicago	United States	442.14 m	1,451 ft	108	1974	[124]
14	KK100	Shenzhen	China	442.0 m	1,449 ft	100	2011	[citation needed] -->
15	Guangzhou International Finance Center	Guangzhou	China	432.00 m	1,417 ft	103	2009	[125]
16	432 Park Avenue	New York City	United States	425.5 m	1,396 ft	96	2015	[citation needed] -->
17	One World Trade Center	New York City	United States	417.0 m	1,368 ft	104	2014	[126]
18	Haeundae LCT Landmark Tower	Busan	South Korea	411.6 m	1,350 ft	101	2019	[127]
19	International Finance Centre	Hong Kong	China	401.1 m	1,316 ft	88	2003	[128]
20	Princess Tower	Dubai	UAE	392.0 m	1,286 ft	101	2012	[129]
21	Jin Mao Tower	Shanghai	China	382.5 m	1,255 ft	88	1998	[130]
22	Zifeng Tower	Nanjing	China	381.3 m	1,251 ft	89	2009	[131]
23	Empire State Building	New York City	United States	381.0 m	1,250 ft	102	1931	[132]
24=	Petronas Tower 1	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	378.5 m	1,250 ft	88	1998	[133]
24=	Petronas Tower 2	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	378.5 m	1,250 ft	88	1998	[134]
25	Marina 101	Dubai	UAE	371.0 m	1,207 ft	80	2014	[citation needed]
26	Al Hamra Tower	Kuwait City	Kuwait	368.0 m	1,207 ft	80	2011	[citation needed]
27	Trump International Hotel and Tower	Chicago	United States	357.8 m	1,174 ft	96	2009	[135]
28	Tuntex Sky Tower	Kaohsiung	Taiwan	347.5 m	1,140 ft	85	1997	[136]
29	Aon Center	Chicago	United States	346.25 m	1,136 ft	83	1973	[137]
30	John Hancock Center	Chicago	United States	343.5 m	1,127 ft	100	1969
31	Haeundae LCT the Sharp I	Busan	South Korea	339.1 m	1,112 ft	85	2019	[138]
32	Mercury City Tower	Moscow	Russia	339.0 m	1,112 ft	75	2012
33	Haeundae LCT the Sharp II	Busan	South Korea	333.1 m	1,093 ft	85	2019	[139]
34	China World Trade Center Tower 3	Beijing	China	333.0 m	1,093 ft	74	2008
35	Parc1 Tower 1	Seoul	South Korea	333 m	1,093 ft	69	2020	[140]
36	Ryugyong Hotel	Pyongyang	North Korea	330.0 m	1,083 ft	105	1992[C]
37	The Index	Dubai	UAE	328.0 m	1,076 ft	80	2009
38	Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower	Tokyo	Japan	325.4 m	1,067 ft	64	2023	[141]
39	Shun Hing Square	Shenzhen	China	324.8 m	1,066 ft	69	1996
40	Four Seasons Place KLCC	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	323 m	1,076 ft	74	2018	[citation needed]
41	CITIC Plaza	Guangzhou	China	321.9 m	1,056 ft	80	1997
42	Nina Tower	Hong Kong	China	318.8 m	1,046 ft	80	2006
43	Rose Tower	Dubai	UAE	315.0 m	1,033 ft	72	2008
44	Bank of China Tower	Hong Kong	China	315.0 m	1,033 ft	72	1990
45	Bank of America Plaza	Atlanta	United States	311.8 m	1,023 ft	55	1992
46	Emirates Office Tower	Dubai	UAE	311.0 m	1,020 ft	56	2000
47	U.S. Bank Tower	Los Angeles	United States	310.3 m	1,018 ft	73	1989
48	Menara Telekom	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	309.9 m	1,017 ft	55	2001
49	Almas Tower	Dubai	UAE	310.0 m	1,017 ft	74	2008
50	The Shard	London	United Kingdom	310.0 m	1,017 ft	72	2012
51	Central Plaza	Hong Kong	China	309.0 m	1,014 ft	78	1992
52	One57	New York City	United States	306m	1,005 ft	73	2014
53	The Address Downtown Burj Khalifa	Dubai	UAE	306.0 m	1,004 ft	78	2008
54	JPMorgan Chase Tower	Houston	United States	305.4 m	1,002 ft	75	1982
55	Northeast Asia Trade Tower	Incheon	South Korea	305.1 m	1,001 ft	68	2010
56	Baiyoke Tower II	Bangkok	Thailand	304.0 m	997 ft	85	1997
57	Wells Fargo Plaza	Houston	United States	302.4 m	992 ft	71	1983
58	Kingdom Centre	Riyadh	Saudi Arabia	302.0 m	991 ft	41	2002
59	Moscow Tower	Moscow	Russia	302.0 m	989 ft	76	2010	-->
60	Haeundae Doosan We've the Zenith 101	Busan	South Korea	300 m	984 ft	80	2011	[142]
61	Abeno Harukas	Osaka	Japan	300 m	984 ft	60	2014	[143]

Buildings under construction

This is a list of buildings taller than 350 m that are currently under construction.^[144] On-hold buildings whose construction was interrupted after it had reached a significantly advanced state are listed in a separate table.

Under construction

Rank	Building	Planned architectural height	Floors	Planned completion	Country	City	Ref.
1	Oblisco Capitale	1,000 m (3,300 ft)	210	2030	Egypt	New Administrative Capital	[145]
2	Jeddah Tower	1,000 m (3,300 ft)	167+	2028	Saudi Arabia	Jeddah	[146]
3	Burj Azizi	725 m (2,379 ft)	131	2028	UAE	Dubai	[147]
4	Burj Binghatti Jacob & Co Residences	595 m (1,952 ft)	105	2026		Dubai	[148]
5	Senna Tower	544 m (1,784 ft)	154	2030	BRA	Balneário Camboriú	[149]
6	Six Senses Residences Dubai Marina	517 m (1,696 ft)	125	2028	UAE	[150]
7	The Line	500 m (1,640 ft.)	?	2030	Saudi Arabia	Neom	[151]
8	China International Silk Road Center	498 m (1,634 ft)	101	2025	China	Xi'an	[152]
9	Panda Tower - Tianfu Center	488.9 m (1,604 ft)	95	2026		Chengdu	[153]
10	Rizhao Center	485 m (1,591 ft)	94	2028		Rizhao	[154]
11	North Bund Tower	480 m (1,575 ft)	97	2027		Shanghai
12	Torre Rise	475 m (1,559 ft)	88	2026	Mexico	Monterrey
13	Wuhan CTF Centre	475 m (1,558 ft)	84	2026	China	Wuhan	[155]
14	Suzhou Center North Tower	470 m (1,540 ft)	?	2024		Suzhou	[156]
15	Aeternitas Tower	450 m (1,480 ft)	106		UAE	Dubai
16	China Resources Land Center	436.1 m (1,431 ft)	98	2026	China	Dongguan	[157]
17	Haikou Tower 1	428 m (1,404 ft)	93	2027	China	Haikou
18	Wuhan Yangtze River Center Tower	400 m (1,300 ft)	82	2025		Wuhan	[158]
19	Mukaab	400 m (1,300 ft)		2030	Saudi Arabia	Riyadh
20	Hangzhou West Railway Station Hub Tower 1	399.8 m (1,312 ft)	83		China	Hangzhou	[159]
21	China Merchants Group West Headquarters	396 m (1,299 ft)	82			Chengdu
22	Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base Tower C-1	394 m (1,293 ft)	78	2027		Shenzhen	[160]
23	China Merchants Bank Global Headquarters	393 m (1,289 ft)	74	2026			[161]
24	Haiyun Plaza Tower 1	390 m (1,280 ft)	86	2024		Rizhao	[162]
25	Guohua Financial Center Tower 1	388 m (1,273 ft)	79			Wuhan	[163]
26	Tour F	385.8 m (1,266 ft)	64	2026	Ivory Coast	Abidjan	[164]
27	Torch Tower	385 m (1,263 ft)	62	2028	Japan	Tokyo	[165]
28	Shekou Prince Bay Tower	380 m (1,250 ft)	70		China	Shenzhen	[166]
29	Shenzhen Luohu Friendship Trading Centre	379.9 m (1,246 ft)	83	2026			[167]
30	China Merchants Prince Bay Tower	374 m (1,227 ft)	59	2028			[168]
31	Lucheng Square	369 m (1,211 ft)	75			Wenzhou	[169]
32	Taipei Twin Tower 1	369 m (1,211 ft)	74	2027	Taiwan	Taipei
33	Hengli Global Operations Headquarters Tower 1	369 m (1,211 ft)	?	2024	China	Suzhou	[170]
34	Naga Tower 1	358 m (1,175 ft)	70	2026	Cambodia	Phnom Penh
35	City Tower 1	358 m (1,175 ft)	94	2025	UAE	Dubai
36	Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base Tower C-2	355.7 m (1,167 ft)	68	2027	China	Shenzhen	[171]
37	Guohong Center	350 m (1,150 ft)	71	2025		Wenzhou	[172]
	China Resources Huafu Tower			2025		Shenzhen	[173]
	Poly Liangxi Plaza					Foshan	[174]

On hold

Rank	Building	Planned architectural height	Floors	Planned completion	Country	City	Ref.
1	Goldin Finance 117[note 1]	597 m (1,959 ft)	117		China	Tianjin
2	Greenland Jinmao International Financial Center	499.8 m (1,640 ft)	102			Nanjing	[175]
3	Suzhou Zhongnan Center	499.2 m (1,638 ft)	103			Suzhou	[176]
4	HeXi Yuzui Tower A	498.8 m (1,636 ft)	84			Nanjing	[177]
5	Chushang Building	475 m (1,558 ft)	111			Wuhan	[178]
6	Fosun Bund Center T1	470 m (1,540 ft)					[179]
7	Chengdu Greenland Tower	468 m (1,535 ft)	101			Chengdu	[180]
8	Evergrande City Light	453.5 m (1,488 ft)	88			Ningbo	[181]
9	Tianshan Gate of the World Plots 27 and 28	450 m (1,480 ft)	106		Shijiazhuang	[182]
10	One Bangkok	436.1 m (1,431 ft)	92		Thailand	Bangkok	[183]
11	Burj Almasa	432 m (1,417 ft)	93	2027	Saudi Arabia	Jeddah	[184]
12	Greenland Center Tower 1	428 m (1,404 ft)			China	Kunming	[185]
13	Dongfeng Plaza Landmark Tower	407 m (1,335 ft)	100				[186]
14	Icon Towers 1	384 m (1,260 ft)	77		Indonesia	Jakarta	[187]
15	Greenland Star City Light Tower	379.9 m (1,246 ft)	83		China	Changsha	[188]
16	Ping An IFC	373 m (1,224 ft)				Nanchang	[189]
17	Fosun Bund Center T2	356 m (1,168 ft)				Wuhan	[190]
18	Global Port Tower 1	350 m (1,150 ft)				Lanzhou	[191]
	Global Port Tower 2						[192]
	Guowei ZY Plaza		62			Zhuhai	[193]

List by continent

The following list shows the tallest completed buildings located on each continent listed by greatest to least height (click on name of continent for continent-specific list):

Continent	Building	Height	Floor count	Completed	Country	City
Asia	Burj Khalifa	828 m (2,717 ft)	163	2010	United Arab Emirates	Dubai
North America	One World Trade Center	541.3 m (1,776 ft)	94	2014	United States	New York City
Europe	Lakhta Center	462 m (1,516 ft)	86	2018	Russia	Saint Petersburg
Africa	Iconic Tower	393.8 m (1,292 ft)	79	2023	Egypt	New Administrative Capital
Oceania	Q1	323 m (1,060 ft)	78	2005	Australia	Gold Coast
South America	Gran Torre Santiago[194]	300 m (980 ft)	64	2012	Chile	Santiago
Antarctica	Long Duration Balloon (LDB) Payload Preparation Buildings[195][196]	15 m (49 ft)	1	2005	-	McMurdo Station

Countries with most buildings on list

The following list shows the countries whose buildings are featured on the main list of world's tallest buildings (first list featured above), in order from most amount of buildings on the list to least amount of buildings on the list.

Rank	Country	Number of skyscrapers on list	City with most skyscrapers on list	Tallest building	Height of tallest building
1	China	47	Shenzhen	Shanghai Tower	632.0 m (2,073.5 ft)
2	United Arab Emirates	14	Dubai	Burj Khalifa	828.0 m (2,716.5 ft)
3	United States	11	New York City	One World Trade Center	541.3 m (1,776 ft)
4	Malaysia	4	Kuala Lumpur	Merdeka 118	678.9 m (2,227 ft)
5	Russia	3	Moscow	Lakhta Center	462.0 m (1,515.7 ft)
6	Saudi Arabia	2	Mecca; Riyadh	Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower	601.0 m (1,971.8 ft)
	South Korea	2	Seoul; Busan	Lotte World Tower	554.5 m (1,819 ft)
8	Taiwan	1	Taipei; Kaoshiung	Taipei 101	508.0 m (1,666.7 ft)
	Vietnam	1	Ho Chi Minh City	Landmark 81	461.2 m (1,513 ft)
	Kuwait	1	Kuwait City	Al Hamra Tower	412.6 m (1,354 ft)
	Egypt	1	New Administrative Capital	Iconic Tower (Egypt)	393.8 m (1,292 ft)
	Indonesia	1	Jakarta	Autograph Tower	382.9 m (1,256 ft)

See also

• Architecture portal
• Lists portal

• List of tallest freestanding structures
• List of tallest residential buildings
• List of tallest towers
• List of tallest twin buildings and structures
• List of supertall skyscrapers
• List of buildings with 100 floors or more
• List of visionary tall buildings and structures
• History of the world's tallest buildings
• Skyscraper Index
• Vanity height
• List of tallest buildings in Europe
• List of tallest buildings in Asia
• List of tallest buildings in Oceania
• List of tallest buildings in North America
• List of tallest buildings in South America
• List of tallest buildings in Africa

Notes

1. Structurally Topped Out

References

1. "Burj Dubai now a record 688m tall and continues to rise". Emaar Properties. 1 September 2008. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
2. "The Tallest 20 in 2020: Entering the Era of the Megatall". CTBUH. 8 December 2011. Archived from the original on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
3. Collins, Dana M. (2001). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 234. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
4. GmbH, Emporis. "History of the World's Tallest Buildings". EMPORIS. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
5. "Skyscraper construction booming in Middle East, Asia - CNN.com". edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
6. "100 tallest completed buildings in the world". CTBUH. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
7. Lynn S. Beedle. "Tallest: Petronas vs. Sears Tower Controversy". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
8. "History of Measuring Tall Buildings". www.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
9. "CTBUH changes height criteria, Burj Khalifa height increases". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. 17 November 2009. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2009.
10. CTBUH Height Criteria for Measuring & Defining Tall Buildings (PDF). CTBUH.
11. Binder, Georges (August 2006). 101 of the world's tallest buildings. Images Pub. p. 102. ISBN 978-1864701739.
12. "Tall Buildings In Numbers Vanity Height". Ctbuh.org. Archived from the original on 17 November 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
13. "Most of the World's Tallest Buildings Game the System With 'Vanity Height' – Jenny Xie". The Atlantic Cities. 9 September 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
14. "Create Lists/Graphics – The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
15. "Burj Khalifa - the Skyscraper Center".
16. "Merdeka PNB118 – The Skyscraper Center".
17. "Shanghai Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
18. "Makkah Royal Clock Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
19. "Ping an Finance Center - the Skyscraper Center".
20. "Lotte World Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
21. "One World Trade Center - the Skyscraper Center".
22. "Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre - the Skyscraper Center".
23. "Tianjin CTF Finance Centre - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
24. "CITIC Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
25. "TAIPEI 101 - the Skyscraper Center".
26. "Shanghai World Financial Center - the Skyscraper Center".
27. "International Commerce Centre - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
28. "Wuhan Greenland Center - the Skyscraper Center".
29. "Central Park Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
30. "Lakhta Center - the Skyscraper Center".
31. "Vincom Landmark 81 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
32. "The Exchange 106 - the Skyscraper Center".
33. "Changsha IFS Tower T1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
34. "Petronas Twin Tower 1 - the Skyscraper Center".
35. "Petronas Twin Tower 2 - the Skyscraper Center".
36. "Zifeng Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
37. "Suzhou IFS - the Skyscraper Center".
38. "Wuhan Center Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
39. "Willis Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
40. "KK100 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
41. "Guangzhou International Finance Center - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
42. "111 West 57th Street - the Skyscraper Center".
43. "The world's skinniest skyscraper is ready for its first residents - CNN". 6 April 2022.
44. "Shandong International Financial Center - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
45. "One Vanderbilt Avenue - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
46. "Nanjing Financial City Phase II Plot C Tower 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
47. "432 Park Avenue - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
48. "Marina 101 - the Skyscraper Center".
49. "Trump International Hotel & Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
50. "JPMorgan Chase World Headquarters - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
51. "Minying International Trade Center T2 - the Skyscraper Center".
52. "Jin Mao Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
53. "Princess Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
54. "Al Hamra Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
55. "Two International Finance Centre - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
56. "LCT the Sharp Landmark Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
57. "Ningbo Central Plaza Tower 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
58. "Guangxi China Resources Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
59. "Guiyang Financial Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
60. "Guiyang International Financial Center T1 - the Skyscraper Center".
61. "Iconic Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
62. "China Resources Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
63. "23 Marina - the Skyscraper Center".
64. "CITIC Plaza - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
65. "CITYMARK CENTRE - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
66. "Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
67. "30 Hudson Yards - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
68. "Shun Hing Square - the Skyscraper Center".
69. "Eton Place Dalian Tower 1 - the Skyscraper Center".
70. "Indonesia's Tallest Skyscraper Autograph Tower Almost Completed". Indonesia Expat. 28 January 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
71. "Autograph Tower". The Skyscraper Center.
72. "Nanning Logan Century 1 - the Skyscraper Center".
73. "Burj Mohammed Bin Rashid - the Skyscraper Center".
74. "Empire State Building - the Skyscraper Center".
75. "Elite Residence - the Skyscraper Center".
76. "1 Corporate Avenue - the Skyscraper Center".
77. "Guangdong Business Center - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
78. "Central Plaza - the Skyscraper Center".
79. "Federation Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
80. "Hengfeng Guiyang Center Tower 1 - the Skyscraper Center".
81. "Dalian International Trade Center - the Skyscraper Center".
82. "Shanghai International Trade Center Tower 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
83. "The Address Boulevard - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
84. "Qingdao Hai Tian Center - the Skyscraper Center".
85. "Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower A - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
86. "Bank of China Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
87. "Bank of America Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
88. "Ciel Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
89. "The St. Regis Chicago - the Skyscraper Center".
90. "Almas Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
91. "Ping An Finance Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
92. "Huiyun Center - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
93. "Hanking Center - the Skyscraper Center".
94. "Greenland Group Suzhou Center". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
95. "Greenland Group Suzhou Center - the Skyscraper Center".
96. "Gevora Hotel - the Skyscraper Center".
97. "Galaxy Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
98. "Galaxy Tower 2". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
99. "Il Primo Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
100. "JW Marriott Marquis Hotel Dubai Tower 1 - the Skyscraper Center".
101. "JW Marriott Marquis Hotel Dubai Tower 2 - the Skyscraper Center".
102. "Emirates Tower One - the Skyscraper Center".
103. "Raffles City Chongqing T3N - the Skyscraper Center".
104. "Raffles City Chongqing T4N - the Skyscraper Center".
105. "OKO - Residential Tower - the Skyscraper Center".
106. "İstanbul'a Avrupa'nın en yüksek binası! Yeni Merkez Bankası için zorlu çalışma". Milliyet (in Turkish). 8 September 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
107. "The Torch - the Skyscraper Center".
108. "Forum 66 Tower 1 - the Skyscraper Center".
109. "The Pinnacle - the Skyscraper Center".
110. "Glory・Xi'an International Financial Center - the Skyscraper Center".
111. "CTBUH Changes Height Criteria". Ctbuh.org. 17 November 2009. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
112. "Burj Khalifa". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015.
113. "Shanghai Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022.
114. "Ping An International Finance Center". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020.
115. Abdelrazaq, Ahmad (22 January 2022). "Ahmad Abdelrazaq- Constructing Merdeka 118:World's Second-Tallest Building" (video). youtube.com. The Skyscraper Museum.
116. "Башня Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre © Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates". archi.ru. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
117. "Makkah Clock Royal Tower". Curtainwall Design Consulting. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
118. "Abraj Al Bait Towers" (JPG).
119. "Shanghai World Financial Center". Emporis. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016.
120. "International Commerce Centre". Emporis. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015.
121. "Central Park Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020.
122. "Tianjin Chow Tai Fook Finance Centre Diagram". Retrieved 31 July 2024.
123. "Taipei 101". Emporis. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015.
124. "Willis Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015.
125. "Guangzhou International Finance Center". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015.
126. "One World Trade Center". Emporis. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015.
127. "Haeundae LCT Landmark Tower". skyscraperpage.com.
128. "Two International Finance Centre". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
129. "Princess Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015.
130. "Jin Mao Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015.
131. "Zifeng Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015.
132. "Empire State Building". Emporis. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015.
133. "Petronas Tower 1". Emporis. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016.
134. "Petronas Tower 2". Emporis. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021.
135. "Trump International Hotel & Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015.
136. "Tuntex Sky Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
137. "Aon Center". Emporis. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016.
138. "Haeundae LCT the Sharp I". skyscraperpage.com.
139. "Haeundae LCT the Sharp II". skyscraperpage.com.
140. "Parc1 Tower 1". skyscraperpage.com.
141. "Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower". skyscraperpage.com.
142. "Haeundae Doosan We've the Zenith 101". skyscraperpage.com.
143. "Abeno Harukas". skyscraperpage.com.
144. "All Global Buildings". CTBUH. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
145. "Tallest on Earth". IPG Egypt.
146. Holland, Oscar (3 October 2024). "Construction of world's tallest skyscraper resumes after years-long hiatus". CNN. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
147. Cairns, Rebecca (5 September 2024). "Dubai is home to world's tallest skyscraper. Now it's building the second-tallest, too". CNN. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
148. "Burj Binghatti Jacob & Co Residences - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
149. "Senna Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
150. "Six Senses Residences - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
151. Monteros, Mario Espinosa de los (26 July 2022). "First views of 'The Line', the 170-kilometer Saudi skyscraper". Diario AS. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
152. "Greenland Centre". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
153. "Tianfu Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
154. "Rizhao Center - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
155. "Wuhan CTF Finance Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
156. "Suzhou Center North Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
157. "China Resources Land Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
158. "Wuhan Yangtze River Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
159. "Hangzhou West Railway Station Hub Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
160. "Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base Tower C-1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
161. "China Merchants Bank Headquarters Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
162. "Haiyun Plaza Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
163. "Guohua Financial Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
164. "Tour F". CTBUH Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
165. "Groundbreaking Ceremony held for Torch Tower, to be Japan's Tallest Building at 385m". japannews.yomiuri.co.jp. 27 September 2023.
166. "Shekou Prince Bay Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
167. "Shenzhen Luohu Friendship Trading Centre". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
168. "China Merchants Prince Bay Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
169. "Lucheng Square". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
170. "Hengli Global Operations Headquarters Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
171. "Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base Tower C-2". CTBUH Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
172. "Guohong Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
173. "China Resources Huafu Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
174. "Poly Liangxi Plaza". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
175. "Greenland Jinmao International Financial Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
176. "Suzhou Zhongnan Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
177. "HeXi Yuzui Tower A". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
178. "Chushang Building". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
179. "Fosun Bund Center T1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
180. "Chengdu Greenland Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
181. "Evergrande City Light - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
182. "Tianshan Gate of the World Plots 27 and 28 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
183. "One Bangkok O4H4". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
184. "Burj Almasa". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
185. "Greenland Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
186. "Dongfeng Plaza Landmark Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
187. "Duta Anggada Realty, tbk". www.dutaanggadarealty.com.
188. "Greenland Star Light Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
189. "Ping An IFC". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
190. "Fosun Bund Center T2". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
191. "Global Port Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
192. "Global Port Tower 2". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
193. "Guowei ZY Plaza". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
194. "Costanera Center es oficialmente el edificio más alto de Latinoámerica". La Segunda. 14 February 2012.
195. Jones, W. Vernon. "Report on the Balloon Program" Archived 7 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, NASA Astrophysics Subcommittee Meeting. 16 April 2013.
196. Pacheco, Luis Eduardo. "McMurdo Station, Antarctica – Stratospheric balloon launches". stratocat.com.ar. Retrieved 23 September 2017.

External links

• Media related to Skyscraper at Wikimedia Commons
• Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
• ^{[dead link‍]}, international database and gallery of buildings
• Structurae, international database and gallery of structures