List of battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate

This is the list of battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate ranked chronologically from 632, with the first caliph Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, to the last caliph in 661, Ali ibn Abi Talib.

Expansion of the Rashidun Caliphate under different caliphs (632–661)

Here is a legend to facilitate the reading of the outcomes of the battles below:

  Victory

  Defeat

  Another result*

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside the Rashidun Caliphate, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (632–634)

Main article: Abu Bakr As-Siddiq

Battle	Date		Enemies	Result	Sources
	Start	End
Wars of Apostasy
Battle of Zhu Qissa	July 25, 632	July 30, 632	Rebel apostates	Victory	[1],[2][self-published source?],[3]
Battle of Abraq	Mid-August 632		Rebel apostates	Victory	[4],[5]
Battle of Buzakha	September 632		Rebel apostates	Victory	[6],[7],[3]
Battle of Zafar	October 632		Rebel apostates	Victory	[8],[3],[9]
Battle of Ghamra	632		Rebel apostates	Victory	[10],[8],[11]
Battle of Daumat-ul-Jandal	June 14, 633	September 10, 633	Rebel apostates	Victory	[12],[3],[13]
Battle of Dibba	November 633		Rebel apostates	Victory	[6],[14],[15]
Battle of Al-Yamama	633		Rebel apostates	Victory	[16],[17],[18]
Battle of Nujair	633		Rebel apostates	Victory	[19],[16],[20]
Battle of Naqra	632	633	Rebel apostates	Victory	[21],[22],[11]
Muslim conquest of Persia
Battle of the Chains / Kazima	April 633		Sassanian Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[23],[24],[25]
Battle of the River	April 633		Sassanian Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[26],[27],[28]
Battle of Walaja	May 633		Sassanian Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[26],[29],[28]
Battle of Husayd	633		Sassanian Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[30],[31],[32]
Battle of Ullais	May 633		Sassanian Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[26],[33],[28]
Siege of Al-Hira	May 633		Sassanian Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[34],[35],[28]
Siege of al-Anbar	July 633		Sassanian Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[36],[28],[33]
Battle of Ayn al-Tamr	July 633		Sassanian Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[36],[28],[37]
Battle of Muzayyah	November 633		Sassanian Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[36],[38],[39]
Battle of Muzieh	November 633		Sassanian Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[40],[41],[42]
Battle of Sanni	November 633		Sassanian Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[40],[42],[41]
Battle of Zumail	November 633		Sassanian Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[39],[43],[41]
Battle of Firaz	December 633		Sassanian Empire Byzantine Empire Arab Christians	Victory	[42],[44],[39]
1st Battle of Babylon	June 634	July 634	Sassanian Empire	Victory	[45],[46],[47]
Byzantine–Arab Wars
Expedition of Usama bin Zayd	June 632		Byzantine Empire Ghassanid Kingdom	Victory	[48],[49],[50]
Battle of Dathin	February 4, 634		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[51],[52],[53]
Battle of Marj Rahit	April 24, 634		Ghassanid Kingdom Byzantine Empire	Victory	[54],[55],[56]
Battle of al-Qaryatayn	June 634		Ghassanid Kingdom	Victory	[57]
Battle of Sanita-al-Uqab	634		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[58]
Battle of Bosra	June–July 634		Ghassanid Kingdom Byzantine Empire	Victory	[59],[60],[61]
Battle of Ajnadayn	July 30, 634	August 634	Byzantine Empire	Victory	[52],[62],[63]
Battle of Fahl	December 634	January 635	Byzantine Empire	Victory	[64],[65],[66]

Umar ibn al-Khattab (634–644)

Main article: Umar ibn al-Khattab

Battle	Date		Enemies	Result	Sources
	Start	End
Muslim conquest of Persia
Battle of Namaraq	634		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[67],[68],[69]
Battle of Kaskar	634		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[70],[71],[72]
Battle of Saqatia	634		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[73],[74],[75]
Battle of the Bridge	October 13, 634		Sassanian Empire	Defeat	[76],[77],[78]
Battle of Buwaib	November 635		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[77],[79],[80]
Battle of al-Qadisiyya	November 16, 636	November 19, 636	Sassanian Empire	Victory	[81],[82],[83]
Battle of Burs	636		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[84],[85],[86]
2nd Battle of Babylon	December 636		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[85],[87],[88]
Battle of Sura	636	637	Sassanian Empire	Victory	[85],[36],[89]
Battle of Deir Kab	636	637	Sassanian Empire	Victory	[85],[36],[89]
Battle of Kusa	January 637		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[85],[36],[90]
Siege of Ctesiphon	January 637	March 637	Sassanian Empire	Victory	[85],[91],[92]
Battle of Jalula	April 637		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[93],[94],[95]
First Hormizd-Ardashir battle	637/38		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[96]
Second Hormizd-Ardashir battle	638		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[97]
Ram-Hormizd battle	between 638 and 641		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[98]
Battle of Nahavand	642		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[99],[100],[101]
Siege of Gundishapur	642		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[102]
Siege of Shushtar	641	642	Sassanian Empire	Victory	[103],[104],[105]
Battle of Ispahan	642		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[106],[107],[108]
Battle of Waj Rudh	643		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[108],[109],[110]
Battle of Bayrudh	643/4		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[111]
Battle of Bishapur (643–644)	643–644		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[112],[113]
Conquest of Sistan	643–665		Sassanian Empire Nezak Huns	Victory	[114]
Byzantine–Arab Wars
Battle of Marj al-Dibaj	September 634		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[115],[116]
Siege of Damascus	September 634	September 4, 635	Byzantine Empire	Victory	[117],[118],[119]
Battle of Marj al-Saffar	January 23, 635		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[120],[121],[122]
Battle of Marj ar-Rum	March 635		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[66],[123],[124]
1st Siege of Emesa / Homs	December 635	January 636	Byzantine Empire	Victory	[66],[125],[126]
Battle of Yarmouk	August 15, 636	August 20, 636	Byzantine Empire Ghassanid Kingdom	Victory	[127],[128],[129]
Siege of Jerusalem	January 637	End of April 637	Byzantine Empire	Victory	[130],[131],[132]
Battle of Qinnasrin	637		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[43],[133],[134]
Battle of Hazir	June 637		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[43],[135],[136],[137]
Siege of Aleppo	June 637	October 637	Byzantine Empire	Victory	[138],[139],[citation needed]
Battle of the Iron Bridge	October 30, 637		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[140],[141],[142]
2nd Siege of Emesa / Homs	638		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[143],[144],[145]
Siege of Latakia / Laodicea	638		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[146],[147],[148]
Siege of Germanicia	Autumn 638		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[149],[150],[26]
Siege of Pelusium	End of 639	Early 640	Byzantine Empire	Victory	[151],[152],[153]
Siege of Bilbeis	March 640		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[154],[155],[156]
Bataille de Héliopolis	July 640		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[157],[158],[159]
Siege of Babylon Fortress	October 640	April 6, 641	Byzantine Empire	Victory	[160],[161],[162]
Siege of Alexandria	June 641	November 641	Byzantine Empire	Victory	[163],[164],[56]
Indo-Muslim Wars
Battle of Rasil	Early 644		Rai Dynasty	Victory	[165],[166],[167]
Muslim-Makurian Wars
First Battle of Dongola	642		Kingdom of Makuria	Defeat	[168],[169],[170]

Uthman ibn Affan (644–656)

Main article: Uthman ibn Affan

Battle	Date		Enemies	Result	Sources
	Start	End
Muslim conquest of Persia
Battle of Kerman	644		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[171],[172]
Battle of Istakhr	650-651		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[173]
Battle of Ray (651)	651		Sassanian Empire	Victory	[174]
Battle of Oxus River	651		Sassanian Empire Göktürk Khaganate	Victory	[175],[176]
Battle of Nishapur	652		Rebels of the House of Karen	Victory	[177],[178],[179]
Siege of Herat	652		Rebels of the House of Karen Hephthalites	Victory	[180],[181],[182]
Battle of Badghis	654		Rebels of the House of Karen Hephthalites	Victory	[183]
Byzantine–Arab Wars
Siege of Theodosiopolis	645/646		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[184]
Siege of Dvin	645/646		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[185]
Battle of Nikiou	646		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[186],[187],[188]
Battle of Sufetula	647		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[189],[190],[191]
Battle of the Masts	655		Byzantine Empire	Victory	[192],[193],[194]
Muslim-Makurian Wars
Second Battle of Dongola	651	652	Kingdom of Makuria	Defeat	[168],[169],[195]

Ali ibn Abi Talib (656–661)

Main article: Ali ibn Abi Talib

Battle	Date		Enemies	Result	Sources
	Start	End
First Fitna
Battle of the Camel	4 December 656		Forces of Muʿawiya & Aisha	Victory	[196],[197],[198]
Battle of Siffin	July 657		Forces of Muʿawiya	Indecisive	[199],[200],[201]
Battle of Nahrawan	17 July 658		Kharijites	Victory	[202],[203],[204]

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• Seventy Weeks Prophecy: How the Bible Foretold the Year Jesus(As) and Muhammad(Saw) Will Come on Earth by Pedro C. Arceno Jr - 2020
• Essai sur l'histoire des arabes avant l'islamisme, pendant l'époque de Mahomet, et jusqu'à la reduction de toutes les tribus sous la loi musulmane by A. P. Caussin De Perceval - 1848
• History of the Arab Invasions: The Conquest of the Lands by Ahmad b. Yahya al-Baladhuri - 2022
• Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests by Walter Emil Kaegi - 1995
• History of the Coptic Orthodox People and the Church of Egypt by Robert Morgan - 2016
• La Libye by PINTA Pierre - 2005
• Dictionary of Battles and Sieges [3 Volumes] by Tony Jaques - 2006
• Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilization and Religion by Ian Netton - 2013
• Islam for Nerds by Gerald Drissner - 2016
• Tableau chronologique de l'histoire du moyen âge by Chrysanthe-Ovide Des Michels - 1823
• Manuel de l'histoire générale du monde, destiné a l'enseignement moyen by Joseph Gantrelle - 1838
• En terre d'Islam by X - 1948
• A History of Early Islam by Mazhar-ul-Haq - 1960
• The Islamic Middle East, 700-1900 by Abraham Udovitch - 1981
• International Dictionary of Historic Places: Northern Europe - Volume 2 - 1995 by Trudy Ring, Paul E. Schellinger, Noelle Watson
• The heritage of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by Wahbi Hariri-Rifai, Mokhless Hariri-Rifai - 1990
• Syrian Civil War by Robert M. Kerr - 2020
• The Politics and Culture of an Umayyad Tribe by Mohammad Rihan - 2014
• Medieval Islamic Civilization - An Encyclopedia by Josef Meri - 2005
• La Nouvelle Histoire du Monde by Laurent Testot - 2019
• Iran, une histoire de 4000 ans by Yves Bomati, Houchang Nahavandi - 2019
• Religious Speciation by Ina Wunn, Davina Grojnowski - 2019
• L’ibadisme dans les sociétés de l’Islam médiéval by Cyrille Aillet - 2018
• Lire et interpréter by Anne-Laure Zwilling, Nehmetallah Abi-Rached - 2013
• The Clash of Civilizations by Allan Trawinski - 2017
• Conflicts that Changed the World by Rodney Castleden - 2008
• Annales africaines by Université de Dakar. Faculté de droit et des sciences économiques - 1959
• Islamisation de l'Asie Centrale by Étienne de La Vaissière - 2008
• Greater Khorasan by Rocco Rante - 2015
• Les céramiques Buff de Nishapur by Sheila Samavaki - 2021
• Faiths Across Time [4 Volumes] by J. Gordon Melton - 2014
• India's Struggle by Therlee Gipson - 2019
• Religious Minorities' Migration from Iran by S. Behnaz Hosseini - 2023
• Meurtre à la mosquée - Les califes maudits - Volume 3 by Hela Ouardi - 2021
• L’Orient islamique face à l’Occident by Claude-Gilbert Dubois - 2011
• L'idéologie omeyyade by Gabriel Martinez-Gros - 1992
• Les figures du compromis dans les sociétés islamiques by Mohamed Nachi - 2011
• Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire by Parvaneh Pourshariati - 2017
• The Forgotten Church by Debabrata Maulik - 2020
• Les grandes figures de l'Iran by Houchang Nahavandi, Yves Bomati - 2015
• Encyclopédie des gens du monde by X - 1841
• The History of Al-Ṭabarī Vol. 14 by Al-Tabari - 2015
• Tunisie by Salah Riza - 2008
• Cahiers du centenaire de l'Algérie. [no.] 1-12 - Volume 1 by Comité national métropolitain du centenaire de l'Algérie - 1930
• La Tunisie antique et islamique - Patrimoine archéologique tunisien by Samir Guizani, Mohamed Ghodhbane, Xavier Delestre - 2018
• Citadel of Shia Imams by Mahboob Illahi - 2020
• La Grande Stratégie de l’empire byzantin by Edward N. Luttwak - 2010
• War and Religion by X - 1927
• Enduring Controversies in Military History [2 Volumes] by Spencer Tucker - 2017
• The Sea in World History [2 Volumes] by Stephen K. Stein - 2017
• Promises of Betrayals - The History That Shaped the Iranian Shia Clerics by Fazle Chowdhury - 2018
• Science diplomacy and transboundary water management -the Orontes River case by Ballabio, R. - 2015
• Marcus Simaika - Father of Coptic Archaeology by Samir Simaika, Nevine Henein - 2017
• Between Constantinople, the Papacy, and the Caliphate -The Melkite Church in the Islamicate World, 634-969 by Krzysztof Kościelniak - 2022
• Egypt After the Pharaohs, 332 BC-AD 642 - From Alexander to the Arab Conquest by Alan K. Bowman - 1996* Meurtre à la mosquée - Les califes maudits - Volume 3 by Hela Ouardi - 2021
• L’Orient islamique face à l’Occident by Claude-Gilbert Dubois - 2011
• L'idéologie omeyyade by Gabriel Martinez-Gros - 1992
• Les figures du compromis dans les sociétés islamiques by Mohamed Nachi - 2011
• Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire by Parvaneh Pourshariati - 2017
• The Forgotten Church by Debabrata Maulik - 2020
• Les grandes figures de l'Iran by Houchang Nahavandi, Yves Bomati - 2015
• Encyclopédie des gens du monde by X - 1841
• The History of Al-Ṭabarī Vol. 14 by Al-Tabari - 2015
• Tunisie by Salah Riza - 2008
• Cahiers du centenaire de l'Algérie. [no.] 1-12 - Volume 1 by Comité national métropolitain du centenaire de l'Algérie - 1930
• La Tunisie antique et islamique - Patrimoine archéologique tunisien by Samir Guizani, Mohamed Ghodhbane, Xavier Delestre - 2018
• Citadel of Shia Imams by Mahboob Illahi - 2020
• La Grande Stratégie de l’empire byzantin by Edward N. Luttwak - 2010
• War and Religion by X - 1927
• Enduring Controversies in Military History [2 Volumes] by Spencer Tucker - 2017
• The Sea in World History [2 Volumes] by Stephen K. Stein - 2017
• Promises of Betrayals - The History That Shaped the Iranian Shia Clerics by Fazle Chowdhury - 2018
• Science diplomacy and transboundary water management -the Orontes River case by Ballabio, R. - 2015
• Marcus Simaika - Father of Coptic Archaeology by Samir Simaika, Nevine Henein - 2017
• Between Constantinople, the Papacy, and the Caliphate -The Melkite Church in the Islamicate World, 634-969 by Krzysztof Kościelniak - 2022
• Egypt After the Pharaohs, 332 BC-AD 642 - From Alexander to the Arab Conquest by Alan K. Bowman - 1996
• History of the Coptic Orthodox People and the Church of Egypt by Robert Morgan - 2016
• The Cambridge Medieval History Series volumes 1-5 by J.B. Bury
• A Military History of Africa - [3 Volumes] by Timothy J. Stapleton - 2013
• Byzantium in the Seventh Century: 634-641 by Andreas Nikolaou Stratos - 1972