This is a list of banks operating in the United Kingdom.
Central bank
The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom.
The Big Four
British banking has been highly consolidated since the early 20th century. Unlike some other major economies, the UK does not have a major stratum of independent local banks. The number of independent banks shrank further during 2008: Northern Rock was nationalised by the UK Government (and is now owned by Virgin Money), followed by Bradford & Bingley; Alliance & Leicester was acquired by Santander, who merged it into Santander UK. On 18 September 2008, Lloyds TSB plc entered into a confirmed agreement to take over HBOS plc, which took effect on 19 January 2009, when HBOS was acquired and folded into Lloyds Banking Group.[1][2][3]
The retail and commercial banking markets are dominated by HSBC, Barclays, Lloyds Banking Group, NatWest Group and Spanish-owned Santander UK (most of these companies operate more than one banking brand in the UK).
| Bank | Headquarters | Market value (£bn) As of 31 May 2019[4] |
Total assets (£bn) As of 31 December 2018[5] |
|---|---|---|---|
| HSBC Holdings | London, England | 131 | 1,998 |
| Lloyds Banking Group[lower-alpha 1] | London, England | 40 | 794 |
| NatWest Group[lower-alpha 2] | Edinburgh, Scotland | 26.2 | 691 |
| Barclays | London, England | 25 | 873 |
- Includes Lloyds Bank and Bank of Scotland (including Halifax, Birmingham Midshires and Intelligent Finance).
- Includes NatWest, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Ulster Bank. The UK government owns a stake of 19.97% of NatWest Group's ordinary shares,[6] but the bank remains nominally independent of government[7]
Banks incorporated in the UK
A full list of businesses considered banks by the Prudential Regulation Authority are listed in the table below. The list is based on the definition of 'bank' in the glossary of the PRA Handbook.[8]
There is also a government-run savings bank called National Savings and Investments.
British retail banks
These banks provide retail services to the general public. Retail banks are usually known as High street banks as they traditionally had multiple branch locations in the cities and towns across the UK. However 40% of branches closed between 2012 and 2022 .[10] Four British retail banks have never had a physical branch presence.
The retail and commercial banking markets are dominated by five big banks. HSBC, Barclays, Lloyds Banking Group, NatWest Group and Spanish-owned Santander UK who operate more than one banking brand in the UK.
| Bank | Year
Est. |
Headquarters | Total assets (£bn) | Staff | Branches
in UK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atom Bank | 2013 | Durham, England | 2.8[11] | 357[12] | Online only |
| Bank of Ireland UK | 1783 | London, England | 1,700 | ||
| Barclays | 1690 | London, England | 1,477 | 100,000 | 347 |
| HSBC UK | 1865 | London, England | 2,975 | 220,861 | 327 |
| Danske Bank UK | 1824 | Belfast, Northern Ireland | 1400 | 24 | |
| Lloyds Banking Group†[lower-alpha 1] | 2009 | Edinburgh, Scotland, Registered office
Operational headquarters |
794 | 63,000 | 893 |
| Metro Bank | 2010 | London, England | 22.2 | 3,000 | 76 |
| Monzo | 2015 | London, England | 11.2[13] | 3,736 | Online only |
| NatWest Group††[lower-alpha 2] | 1968 | Edinburgh, Scotland | 691.0 | 61,500 | 523 |
| Santander UK | 2010 | London, England | 275.4 | 19,500 | 444 |
| Starling Bank | 2014 | London, England | 14.7[16] | 3,500 | Online only |
| Tandem Bank | 2015 | London, England | 0.5[17] | Online only | |
| The Co-operative Bank | 1872 | Manchester, England | 25.5[18] | 3,350 | 77 |
| TSB Bank | 1810 (reestablished 2013) | Edinburgh, Scotland | 5,426 | 212 | |
| Virgin Money UK | 2015 | Glasgow, Scotland | 91.7 | 7,166 | 91 |
Retail banks owned by retailers
There are a number of other retail banking businesses owned by retailers including:
- Post Office Money, the trading name used by Post Office Ltd for its branded financial products, most of which are provided by Bank of Ireland UK
- Sainsbury's Bank, owned by British supermarket company Sainsbury's.
- Tesco Bank, owned by British supermarket company Tesco.
- Harrods Bank was acquired by Tandem Money Limited on 11 January 2018
UK banking brands owned by foreign banks
- Allied Irish Bank (GB) and First Trust Bank, owned by AIB Group of the Republic of Ireland
- Al Rayan Bank, owned by Masraf Al Rayan of Qatar
- Axis Bank UK, owned by Axis Bank of India
- Bank of Ceylon (UK), owned by Bank of Ceylon of Sri Lanka
- Bank of Baroda (UK), owned by Bank of Baroda of India
- Bank of China (UK), owned by Bank of China
- Bank of India (UK), owned by Bank of India
- Bank Sepah International plc, owned by Bank Sepah of Iran
- FCMB Bank (UK) Limited, owned by First City Monument Bank of Nigeria
- Zenith Bank (UK), owned by Zenith Bank of Nigeria
- Bank of Ireland UK, owned by Bank of Ireland of the Republic of Ireland; one of the leading banks in Northern Ireland, and present in Great Britain to a lesser extent
- Citibank (UK), owned by Citigroup of the United States
- ICBC (London) plc, by Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
- ICICI Bank (UK), owned by ICICI Bank of India
- Danske Bank (formerly Northern Bank), owned by Danske Bank of Denmark
- Habib Bank UK, owned by Habib Bank of Pakistan
- Punjab National Bank (International), owned by Punjab National Bank of India
- RCI Bank UK, owned by RCI Banque SA
- Santander UK (formerly Abbey, Alliance & Leicester and Bradford & Bingley), owned by Santander Group of Spain
- SEB (UK), owned by Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken, Sweden
- State Bank of India (UK), owned by State Bank of India
- Svenska Handelsbanken, UK Branch
- The Bank of East Asia, UK Branch
- TSB Bank, part of Sabadell Group, headquartered in Spain
- Union Bank of India (UK) Ltd, owned by Union Bank of India of India
- United Bank UK, owned by United Bank Limited of Pakistan
Building societies in the UK
The other main class of consumer financial service organisation in the United Kingdom is the building society. The building society sector has become much smaller with fewer building societies. This was caused, firstly, a number of building societies demutualising in the 1980s and 1990s and subsequently, taken over by banks. Secondly, there has been ongoing consolidation via mergers between societies.
There are 42 building societies in the UK as of 2021 which provide retail banking services to the general public. The five largest as of October 2020 are:
| Name | Year
Est. |
Headquarters | Total
Assets (£bn) |
Employees | Branches |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nationwide | 1846 | Swindon, England, UK | 208[19] | 18,333 | 606 |
| Coventry Building Society | 1884 | Coventry, England, UK | 49 | 2,700 | 89 |
| Yorkshire Building Society
(also own Chelsea Building Society, Norwich and Peterborough Building Society, Accord Mortgages and Egg) |
1864 | Bradford, West Yorkshire, England | 39.6 | 3,300 | 231 |
| Skipton Building Society | 1853 | Skipton, England | 17.5 | 1,772 | 98 |
| Leeds Building Society | 1875 | Leeds, England | 20.8 | 1,426 | 65 |
See also
Notes
- Includes Lloyds Bank and Bank of Scotland (including Halifax, Birmingham Midshires and Intelligent Finance).
- Includes NatWest, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Ulster Bank. The UK government owns a stake of 22.5% of NatWest Group's ordinary shares,[14] but the bank remains nominally independent of government[15]
References
External links
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