List of governors of New Mexico

The governor of New Mexico is the head of government of New Mexico and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New Mexico Legislature, to convene the legislature at any time, and to grant pardons.

Twenty-eight individuals have held the office of governor of New Mexico since the state's admission to the Union in 1912, two of whom—Edwin L. Mechem and Bruce King—served three non-consecutive terms. King holds the record as New Mexico's longest-serving governor, with 12 years of service. William C. McDonald, the first governor, took office on January 15, 1912. The first woman to serve as Governor was Republican Susana Martinez, who served from 2011-2019. The current officeholder is Michelle Lujan Grisham, who took office on January 1, 2019, as the first elected female Democratic governor of the state.

List of governors

For the period before acquisition by the United States, see list of Spanish governors of New Mexico and list of Mexican governors of New Mexico.

On August 18, 1846, American forces led by Stephen W. Kearny captured Santa Fe, capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.^[1] A code of laws known as the Kearny Code was established on September 22, 1846.^[2] The region remained under military control until formally annexed by the United States on July 4, 1848. Following Kearny's departure for California on September 26, the chief military officer in the territory was Col. Sterling Price until October 11, 1848; Lt. Col. John M. Washington until October 23, 1849; and Col. John Munroe until the territory was organized.

Kearny appointed Charles Bent as governor before he left for California; Bent would be assassinated during the Taos Revolt on January 19, 1847. Col. Price appointed Donaciano Vigil as acting governor. A statehood convention chose Henry Connelly as governor on June 20, 1850, but this was never recognized by the federal government.

Territory of New Mexico

New Mexico Territory was organized on December 13, 1850.^[3] It would remain a territory for 62 years.

Governors of the Territory of New Mexico

No.	Governor		Term in office[a]	Appointing President
1		James Calhoun (1802–1852) [4]	January 9, 1851[b] – July 2, 1852 (died in office)[c]	Millard Fillmore
2		William Carr Lane (1789–1863) [7]	July 15, 1852[d] – May 6, 1853 (successor appointed)[e]	Millard Fillmore
3		David Meriwether (1800–1893) [11]	May 6, 1853[f] – August 17, 1857 (successor appointed)[g]	Franklin Pierce
4		Abraham Rencher (1798–1883) [14]	August 17, 1857[h] – May 24, 1861 (successor appointed)	James Buchanan
5		Henry Connelly (1800–1866) [17]	May 24, 1861[i] – January 15, 1866 (successor appointed)[j]	Abraham Lincoln
6		Robert Byington Mitchell (1823–1882) [22]	January 15, 1866[k] – May 28, 1869 (resigned)[l][m]	Andrew Johnson
7		William A. Pile (1829–1889) [26]	May 28, 1869[n] – July 27, 1871 (successor appointed)	Ulysses S. Grant
8		Marsh Giddings (1816–1875) [28]	July 27, 1871[o] – June 3, 1875 (died in office)[p]	Ulysses S. Grant
9		Samuel Beach Axtell (1819–1891) [32]	June 8, 1875[q] – September 4, 1878 (suspended)[r]	Ulysses S. Grant
10		Lew Wallace (1827–1905) [36]	September 4, 1878[s] – May 5, 1881 (resigned)[t]	Rutherford B. Hayes
11		Lionel Allen Sheldon (1828–1917) [40]	May 5, 1881[u] – May 23, 1885 (successor appointed)	James A. Garfield
12		Edmund G. Ross (1826–1907) [43]	May 23, 1885[v] – April 2, 1889 (successor appointed)	Grover Cleveland
13		L. Bradford Prince (1840–1922) [47]	April 2, 1889[w] – April 7, 1893 (successor appointed)	Benjamin Harrison
14		William Taylor Thornton (1843–1916) [50]	April 7, 1893[x] – April 5, 1897 (resigned)[y]	Grover Cleveland
15		Miguel Antonio Otero (1859–1944) [54]	June 2, 1897[z] – January 10, 1906 (successor appointed)	William McKinley
				Theodore Roosevelt
16		Herbert James Hagerman (1871–1935) [58]	January 10, 1906[aa] – May 3, 1907 (resigned)[ab]	Theodore Roosevelt
17		George Curry (1861–1947) [61]	May 27, 1907[ac] – February 28, 1910 (resigned)[ad]	Theodore Roosevelt
18		William J. Mills (1849–1915) [64]	March 1, 1910[ae] – January 14, 1912 (statehood)[af]	William Howard Taft

State of New Mexico

The state of New Mexico was admitted to the Union on January 6, 1912.^[67]

The state constitution of 1912 called for the election of a governor and lieutenant governor every four years. The term was changed to two years by a 1914 amendment, and lengthened back to four years in 1970. Governors originally could not succeed themselves; this was changed in 1914 to allow governors to succeed themselves once before having to take a term off. With the lengthening of the term to four years in 1970, this was changed back to prohibiting them from succeeding themselves, but in 1986 it was lengthened back to two terms. A 1962 amendment made it so that the governor and lieutenant governor are elected on a ticket (election).^[68] In the event of a vacancy in the office of governor, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.^[69]

Governors of the State of New Mexico

No.	Governor			Term in office	Party	Election	Lt. Governor[ag]
1			William C. McDonald (1858–1918) [70][71]	January 15, 1912[72] – January 1, 1917 (term-limited)[ah]	Democratic[74]	1911		Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca
2			Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca (1864–1917) [75][76]	January 1, 1917[77] – February 18, 1917 (died in office)	Democratic[74]	1916		Washington Ellsworth Lindsey[ai]
3			Washington Ellsworth Lindsey (1862–1926) [78][79]	February 18, 1917[80] – January 1, 1919 (lost nomination)[78]	Republican[74]	Succeeded from lieutenant governor	Vacant
4			Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo (1859–1930) [81][82]	January 1, 1919[83] – January 1, 1921 (lost nomination)[81]	Republican[74]	1918		Benjamin F. Pankey
5			Merritt C. Mechem (1870–1946) [84][85]	January 1, 1921[86] – January 1, 1923 (did not run)[84]	Republican[74]	1920		William H. Duckworth
6			James F. Hinkle (1862–1951) [87][88]	January 1, 1923[89] – January 1, 1925 (did not run)	Democratic[74]	1922		José A. Baca (died May 17, 1924)
							Vacant
7			Arthur T. Hannett (1884–1966) [90][91]	January 1, 1925[92] – January 1, 1927 (lost election)	Democratic[74]	1924		Edward G. Sargent[ai]
8			Richard C. Dillon (1877–1966) [93][94]	January 1, 1927[95] – January 1, 1931 (term-limited)[ah]	Republican[74]	1926
						1928		Hugh B. Woodward (resigned July 1929)
							Vacant
9			Arthur Seligman (1871–1933) [96][97]	January 1, 1931[98] – September 25, 1933 (died in office)	Democratic[74]	1930		Andrew W. Hockenhull
						1932
10			Andrew W. Hockenhull (1877–1974) [99][100]	September 25, 1933[101] – January 1, 1935 (did not run)	Democratic[74]	Succeeded from lieutenant governor	Vacant
11			Clyde Tingley (1881–1960) [102][103]	January 1, 1935[104] – January 1, 1939 (term-limited)[ah]	Democratic[74]	1934		Louis Cabeza de Baca
						1936		Hiram M. Dow
12			John E. Miles (1884–1971) [105][106]	January 1, 1939[aj] – January 1, 1943 (term-limited)[ah]	Democratic[74]	1938		James Murray Sr.
						1940		Ceferino Quintana
13			John J. Dempsey (1879–1958) [108][109]	January 1, 1943[110] – January 1, 1947 (term-limited)[ah]	Democratic[74]	1942		James B. Jones
						1944
14			Thomas J. Mabry (1884–1962) [111][112]	January 1, 1947[113] – January 1, 1951 (term-limited)[ah]	Democratic[74]	1946		Joseph Montoya
						1948
15			Edwin L. Mechem (1912–2002) [114][115]	January 1, 1951[116] – January 1, 1955 (term-limited)[ah]	Republican[74]	1950		Tibo J. Chávez[ak]
						1952
16			John F. Simms (1916–1975) [117][118]	January 1, 1955[119] – January 1, 1957 (lost election)	Democratic[74]	1954		Joseph Montoya[ak] (resigned April 9, 1957)
17			Edwin L. Mechem (1912–2002) [114][115]	January 1, 1957[120] – January 1, 1959 (lost election)	Republican[74]	1956
							Vacant
18			John Burroughs (1907–1978) [121][122]	January 1, 1959[123] – January 1, 1961 (lost election)	Democratic[74]	1958		Ed V. Mead
19			Edwin L. Mechem (1912–2002) [114][115]	January 1, 1961[al] – November 30, 1962 (resigned)[am]	Republican[74]	1960		Tom Bolack
20			Tom Bolack (1918–1998) [125][126]	November 30, 1962[127] – January 1, 1963 (successor took office)	Republican[74]	Succeeded from lieutenant governor	Vacant
21			Jack M. Campbell (1916–1999) [128][129]	January 1, 1963[130] – January 1, 1967 (term-limited)[ah]	Democratic[74]	1962		Mack Easley
						1964
22			David Cargo (1929–2013) [131][132]	January 1, 1967[133] – January 1, 1971 (term-limited)[an]	Republican[74]	1966		Lee Francis
						1968
23			Bruce King (1924–2009) [134][135]	January 1, 1971[136] – January 1, 1975 (term-limited)[ao]	Democratic[74]	1970		Roberto Mondragón
24			Jerry Apodaca (1934–2023) [138][139]	January 1, 1975[140] – January 1, 1979 (term-limited)[ao]	Democratic[74]	1974		Robert E. Ferguson
25			Bruce King (1924–2009) [134][135]	January 1, 1979[141] – January 1, 1983 (term-limited)[ao]	Democratic[135]	1978		Roberto Mondragón
26			Toney Anaya (b. 1941) [142]	January 1, 1983[143] – January 1, 1987 (term-limited)[ao]	Democratic[142]	1982		Mike Runnels
27			Garrey Carruthers (b. 1939) [144]	January 1, 1987[145] – January 1, 1991 (term-limited)[ao]	Republican[144]	1986		Jack L. Stahl
28			Bruce King (1924–2009) [134][135]	January 1, 1991[146] – January 1, 1995 (lost election)	Democratic[135]	1990		Casey Luna
29			Gary Johnson (b. 1953) [147]	January 1, 1995[148] – January 1, 2003 (term-limited)[ap]	Republican[147]	1994		Walter Dwight Bradley
						1998
30			Bill Richardson (1947–2023) [150]	January 1, 2003[151] – January 1, 2011 (term-limited)[ap]	Democratic[150]	2002		Diane Denish
						2006
31			Susana Martinez (b. 1959) [152]	January 1, 2011[153] – January 1, 2019 (term-limited)[ap]	Republican[152]	2010		John Sanchez
						2014
32			Michelle Lujan Grisham (b. 1959) [154]	January 1, 2019[155] – Incumbent[aq]	Democratic[154]	2018		Howie Morales
						2022

See also

• List of New Mexico state legislatures

Notes

1. The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.
2. Calhoun was nominated on December 23, 1850;^[5] confirmed by the Senate on January 9, 1851;^[6] and was inaugurated on March 3, 1851.^[4]
3. Calhoun left the territory on May 6, 1852, and died on July 2; Territorial Secretary John Greiner acted as governor until his successor arrived.^[4]
4. Lane was nominated and confirmed by the Senate on July 15, 1852,^[8] and was inaugurated on September 13.^[7]
5. Lane had a resignation letter ready,^[9] and some sources say he resigned,^[7] but the nomination of his successor specified that he was being removed.^[10]
6. Solon Borland was nominated and confirmed by the Senate on April 8, 1853,^[10] but declined the post.^[12] Meriwether was appointed on May 6, 1853, during a Senate recess;^[12] and was formally nominated and confirmed by the Senate on February 4, 1854.^[13] He was inaugurated on August 8, 1853.^[11]
7. Meriwether left the territory in May 1857, after which time Territorial Secretary William W. H. Davis acted as governor until he too left the territory in October.^[11]
8. Rencher was appointed on August 17, 1857, during a Senate recess;^[12] nominated on December 19, 1857;^[15] and confirmed by the Senate on January 18, 1858.^[16] He arrived in the territory on November 11, 1857.^[14]
9. Connelly was appointed on May 24, 1861, during a Senate recess;^[12] nominated on July 10;^[18] but was rejected by the Senate on July 17.^[19] He was reappointed on September 4, 1861, during a Senate recess;^[17] nominated on December 23, 1861;^[20] and confirmed by the Senate on July 16, 1862.^[21]
10. Connelly left the territory from fall 1862 to May 1863; Territorial Secretary William F. M. Arny acted as governor during this time.^[17]
11. Mitchell was nominated on December 21, 1865;^[23] confirmed by the Senate on January 15, 1866;^[24] and took office on July 16, 1866.^[22]
12. The nomination of Mitchell's successor specifies that he resigned.^[25]
13. Mitchell left the territory in November 1866 for almost four months; Territorial Secretary William F. M. Arny acted as governor during this time.^[22]
14. Pile was appointed on May 28, 1869, during a Senate recess;^[12] nominated on December 6;^[25] and confirmed by the Senate on December 21.^[27] He took office on August 16, 1869.^[26]
15. Willard Warner was nominated and confirmed by the Senate on May 19, 1871,^[29] but declined the post. Giddings was appointed on July 27, 1871, during a Senate recess;^[12] nominated on December 6;^[30] and confirmed by the Senate on December 14.^[31] He arrived in the territory on September 1.^[28]
16. After Giddings' death, Territorial Secretary William G. Ritch acted as governor until his successor arrived.^[28]
17. Axtell was appointed on June 8, 1875, during a Senate recess;^[33] nominated on December 9;^[34] and confirmed by the Senate on December 16.^[35] He arrived in the territory on July 30.^[32]
18. Axtell was suspended by United States Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz for mishandling the widespread violence in the territory.^[32]
19. Wallace was appointed on September 4, 1878, during a Senate recess;^[37] nominated on December 4;^[38] and confirmed by the Senate on December 16.^[39] He arrived in the territory on September 29, and was sworn in the next day.^[36]
20. Wallace resigned, disillusioned with the violence in the territory and the power held by the "Santa Fe Ring".^[36]
21. Sheldon was nominated on March 23, 1881;^[41] confirmed by the Senate on May 5;^[42] and arrived in the territory on July 4.^[40]
22. Ross was appointed on May 23, 1885, during a Senate recess;^[44] nominated on December 10, 1885;^[45] and confirmed by the Senate on April 20, 1886.^[46] He was sworn in on June 15, 1885.^[43]
23. Prince was nominated on April 1, 1889;^[48] confirmed by the Senate on April 2;^[49] and was inaugurated on April 17.^[47]
24. Thornton was nominated on April 5, 1893;^[51] confirmed by the Senate on April 7;^[52] and took office on April 20.^[50]
25. Thornton submitted his resignation on April 2, 1897, and left the territory on April 5. No reason is recorded for his resignation; though it was the day after a high-profile execution.^[50] Territorial Secretary Loren Miller acted as governor until his successor arrived.^[53]
26. Otero was nominated on June 2, 1897;^[55] confirmed by the Senate on June 5;^[56] and was inaugurated on July 14.^[54] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on January 22, 1902.^[57]
27. Hagerman was nominated on December 6, 1905;^[59] confirmed by the Senate on January 10, 1906;^[60] and took office on January 22, 1906.^[58]
28. President Theodore Roosevelt demanded Hagerman's resignation in April 1907 due to political pressure and controversial purchases. Territorial Secretary J. W. Raynolds acted as governor until his successor arrived.^[58]
29. Curry was appointed on May 27, 1907, during a Senate recess;^[62] nominated on December 3, 1907;^[62] and confirmed by the Senate on January 14, 1908.^[63] He took office on August 8, 1907.^[61]
30. Curry resigned due to disagreements with United States Secretary of the Interior Richard A. Ballinger.^[61]
31. Mills was nominated on December 10, 1909;^[65] confirmed by the Senate on December 20, 1909;^[66] and took office on March 1, 1910.^[64]
32. Mills served as governor until statehood, and ran unsuccessfully for one of the first United States Senate seats for New Mexico.^[64]
33. Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
34. Under a 1914 amendment to the constitution, governors were ineligible for two years after having served two consecutive terms.^[73]
35. Represented the Republican Party
36. The constitutional start date of the term was January 1; however, in 1939 this was a Sunday, so Miles was sworn in the next day.^[107]
37. Represented the Democratic Party
38. The constitutional start date of the term was January 1; however, in 1961 this was a Sunday, so Mechem was sworn in the next day.^[124]
39. Mechem, who had already lost re-election, resigned to be appointed to the United States Senate by his successor.^[114]
40. limits-1914
41. Under a 1970 amendment to the constitution, governors were ineligible to succeed themselves.^[137]
42. Under a 1986 amendment to the constitution, governors who have served two terms are ineligible until another term has passed.^[149]
43. Lujan Grisham's second term began on January 1, 2023, and will expire January 1, 2027; she will be term-limited.

References

General

• "Former New Mexico Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
• McMullin, Thomas A. (1984). Biographical directory of American territorial governors. Westport, CT : Meckler. ISBN 978-0-930466-11-4. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
• Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. III. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
• Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
• Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
• "Our Campaigns - Governor of New Mexico - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.

Specific

1. Lavash, Donald (2006). A Journey Through New Mexico History. Sunstone Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-86534-541-6. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
2. "New Mexico – Laws for the Government of the Territory of New Mexico; September 22, 1846". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on April 1, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
3. 9 Stat. 446
4. McMullin 1984, pp. 235–236.
5. U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 31st Cong., 2nd sess., 280, accessed May 7, 2023.
6. U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 31st Cong., 2nd sess., 282, accessed May 7, 2023.
7. McMullin 1984, pp. 236–237.
8. U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 32nd Cong., 1st sess., 422, accessed May 8, 2023.
9. Carson, William G.B. (1964). "William Carr Lane, Diary". New Mexico Historical Review. 39 (3): 195. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
10. U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 33rd Cong., special sess., 160, 162, accessed May 8, 2023.
11. McMullin 1984, pp. 237–238.
12. The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General. United States Government Publishing Office. 1934. p. 23.
13. U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 230, 234, accessed May 8, 2023.
14. McMullin 1984, pp. 239–240.
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17. McMullin 1984, pp. 240–241.
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32. McMullin 1984, pp. 245–247.
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35. U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 44th Cong., 1st sess., 117, accessed May 7, 2023.
36. McMullin 1984, pp. 247–249.
37. "Gen. Lew Wallace appointed Governor". Las Vegas Gazette. September 7, 1878. p. 3. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
38. U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 45th Cong., 3rd sess., 386, accessed May 7, 2023.
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40. McMullin 1984, pp. 249–250.
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44. "Gov. Ross!". Albuquerque Evening Democrat. May 25, 1885. p. 1. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
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53. Tórrez, Robert J. (2008). Myth of the Hanging Tree: Stories of Crime and Punishment in Territorial New Mexico. UNM Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-8263-4379-6.
54. McMullin 1984, pp. 255–256.
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65. U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 61st Cong., 2nd sess., 57, accessed May 7, 2023.
66. U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 61st Cong., 2nd sess., 91, accessed May 7, 2023.
67. 37 Stat. 39
68. NM Const. art 5, § 1, accessed May 8, 2023
69. NM Const., art. V, § 7, accessed May 8, 2023
70. Sobel 1978, p. 1049.
71. "William Calhoun McDonald". National Governors Association. January 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
72. "Thousands Cheer As Oath of Office Is Administered in Ancient Capital". The Evening Herald. January 15, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
73. "N.M. Const. art. V, § 1, as amended in 1914". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
74. Kallenbach 1977, pp. 414–415.
75. Sobel 1978, p. 1050.
76. "Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca". National Governors Association. January 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
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78. Sobel 1978, pp. 1050–1051.
79. "Washington Ellsworth Lindsey". National Governors Association. January 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
80. "W. E. Lindsey Is Governor; Sworn In Today". The Santa Fe New Mexican. February 19, 1917. p. 1. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
81. Sobel 1978, p. 1051.
82. "Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo". National Governors Association. January 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
83. "New Governor of State Delivers Strong Address at Inauguration". Albuquerque Morning Journal. January 2, 1919. p. 1. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
84. Sobel 1978, p. 1052.
85. "Merritt Cramer Mechem". National Governors Association. January 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
86. Anderson, Clinton P. (January 2, 1921). "Mechem Is Inaugurated Governor". Albuquerque Journal. p. 1. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
87. Sobel 1978, pp. 1052–1053.
88. "James Fielding Hinkle". National Governors Association. January 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
89. "Hinkle Is Inaugurated As Governor of State Before a Large Crowd". Albuquerque Journal. January 2, 1923. p. 1. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
90. Sobel 1978, pp. 1053–1054.
91. "Arthur Thomas Hannett". National Governors Association. January 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
92. Root, Colbert C. (January 2, 1925). "Hannett Is Sworn Into Office As Governor of State; Pledges Himself to Efficiency, Economy". Albuquerque Journal. p. 1. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
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142. "Toney Anaya". National Governors Association. January 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
143. Steinberg, David (January 2, 1983). "Gov. Anaya Asks for 'New Beginning'". Albuquerque Journal. p. A1. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
144. "Garrey E. Carruthers". National Governors Association. January 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
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146. Yaeger, John (January 2, 1991). "King Makes Unity Inaugural Theme". Albuquerque Journal. p. A1. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
147. "Gary E. Johnson". National Governors Association. January 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
148. Jadrnak, Jackie (January 2, 1995). "New Governor Takes Oath, Offers Thanks". Albuquerque Journal. p. A1. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
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150. "Bill Richardson". National Governors Association. January 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
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152. "Susana Martinez". National Governors Association. January 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
153. Boyd, Dan (January 2, 2011). "Martinez: State To 'Serve No Interest But Yours'". Albuquerque Journal. p. A1. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
154. "Michelle Lujan Grisham". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
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External links

• Office of the Governor of New Mexico
• New Mexico History Museum website