This is a list of women writers who were born in the Czech Republic or Czechoslovakia or whose writings are closely associated with those countries.
- Božena Benešová (1873–1936), Czech poet, novelist, short story writer, playwright
- Alexandra Berková (1949–2008), novelist, short story writer, some works translated into English
- Zdeňka Bezděková (1907–1999), writer, philosopher and translator
- Anna Bolavá, (born 1981), novelist, poet
- Tereza Boučková (born 1957), short story writer, playwright
- Zuzana Brabcová (1959–2015), novelist
- Helen Epstein (born 1947 in Prague), biographer, memoirist, essayist, author of Children of the Holocaust
- Jiřina Hauková (1919–2005), poet, translator
- Eva Hauserová (1954–2023), novelist, non-fiction writer, feminist
- Iva Hercíková (1935–2007), novelist, screenwriter
- Daniela Hodrová (born 1946), novelist, editor, literary researcher
- Eva Hudečková (born 1949), novelist, screenwriter
- Petra Hůlová (born 1979), popular novelist
- Eva Kantůrková (born 1930), novelist, short story writer, essayist, diarist
- Jakuba Katalpa (born 1979), novelist, short story writer
- Věra Kohnová (1929–1942), child diarist, author of The Diary of Vera Kohnova
- Eliška Krásnohorská (1847–1926), poet, librettist, children's writer, critic, feminist
- Květa Legátová (1919–2012), novelist, short story writer, essayist
- Věra Linhartová (born 1938), art historian, short story writer, children's writer, poet, sometimes writing in French
- Helena Lisická (1930–2009), writer of fairy tales and legends
- Lucie Lomová (born 1964), comics writer
- Jarmila Loukotková (1923–2007), historical novelist, short story writer, children's writer, playwright
- Marie Majerová (1882–1967), novelist, short story writer, children's writer
- Heda Margolius Kovály (1919–2010), memoirist, novelist, some works translated into English
- Libuše Moníková (1945–1998), novelist, playwright, essayist, writing in German
- Halina Pawlowská (born 1955), screenwriter, short story writer, journalist, television presenter
- Iva Pekárková (born 1963 in Prague), Czech-language novelist, now living in New York
- Gabriela Preissová (1862–1946), playwright, short story writer
- Lenka Procházková (born 1951), novelist, television screenwriter
- Marie Pujmanová (1893–1958) Czech poet and novelist
- Magdalena Dobromila Rettigová (1785–1845), remembered for her cookery book
- Sylvie Richterová (born 1945), short story writer, poet, essayist, educator
- Lenka Reinerová (1916–2008), German-language non-fiction writer, journalist, editor, memoirist, essayist
- Zdena Salivarová (born 1933), novelist, living in Canada
- Milada Součková (1898–1983), writer, literary historian, diplomat
- Petra Soukupová (born 1982), author, playwright, screenwriter
- Petra Štarková [cs] (born 1975), author, psychologist
- Marie Šťastná (born 1981), poet
- Ela Stein-Weissberger (1930-2018), biographer
- Bertha von Suttner (1843–1914), born in Prague, Austrian pacifist, novelist, Nobel Peace Prize winner
- Eva Švankmajerová (1940–2005), surrealist artist, writer, poet
- Karolina Světlá (1830–1899), novelist, feminist
- Jindra Tichá (born 1937), academic, short story writer, living in New Zealand
- Kateřina Tučková (born 1980), best-selling novelist (works translated into English), non-fiction writer