Leizhou or Luichew Min (simplified Chinese: 雷州话; traditional Chinese: 雷州話; pinyin: Léizhōuhuà, [lěɪʈʂóʊ xwâ]) is a branch of Min Chinese spoken in Leizhou city, Xuwen County, Mazhang District, most parts of Suixi County and also spoken inside of the linguistically diverse Xiashan District. In the classification of Yuan Jiahua, it was included in the Southern Min group, though it has low intelligibility with other Southern Min varieties. In the classification of Li Rong, used by the Language Atlas of China, it was treated as a separate Min subgroup.[6] Hou Jingyi combined it with Hainanese in a Qiong–Lei group.[7]
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2015) |
| Leizhou Min | |
|---|---|
| Leizhounese | |
| [lɔi˩ uɛ˨˦] | |
| Pronunciation | [lɔi˩ uɛ˨˦] (Lei city dialect) |
| Native to | China, Hong Kong and Macau, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, United States (California) |
| Region | Leizhou Peninsula in southwestern Guangdong |
Native speakers | around 2.8 million in China (2004)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Early forms | |
| Dialects | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | (luh is proposed[5]) |
| Glottolog | leiz1236 |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-jj |
 Leizhou Min | |
Phonology
Leizhou Min has 17 initials, 47 rimes and 8 tones.
Initials
The phoneme given here as /b/ is described by Li and Thompson instead as /v/.[8]
Rimes
| i 濟 | u 敷 | |
| a 爸 | ia 兵 | ua 瓜 |
| ɛ 馬 | iɛ 爺 | uɛ 妹 |
| ɔ 波 | iɔ 漿 | |
| ai 派 | uai 蒯 | |
| au 包 | iau 彪 | |
| ɛu 嘔 | iu 休 | |
| ɔi 矮 | ui 拉 | |
| m̩ 唔 | ||
| am 耽 | iam 添 | |
| em 冚 | im 音 | |
| ŋ̩ 嗯 | iŋ 興 | uŋ 尊 |
| aŋ 班 | iaŋ 江 | uaŋ 完 |
| eŋ 冰 | ieŋ 填 | |
| ɔŋ 磅 | iɔŋ 永 | |
| ap 合 | iap 臘 | |
| ep 鑷 | ip 立 | |
| ik 集 | uk 郁 | |
| ak 達 | iak 燭 | uak 括 |
| ek 德 | iek 即 | uek 國 |
| ɔk 鐸 | iɔk 略 |
Tones
Leizhou has six tones, which are reduced to two in checked syllables.
| Tone number | Tone name | Tone contour | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | yin ping (陰平) | ˨˦ (24) | rising |
| 2 | yin shang (陰上) | ˦˨ (42) | falling (high falling) |
| 3 | yin qu (陰去) | ˨˩ (21) | bottom (low falling) |
| 4 | yin ru (陰入) | ˥̚ (5) | high checked |
| 5 | yang ping (陽平) | ˨ (2) | low |
| 6 | yang shang (陽上) | ˧ (3) | mid |
| 7 | yang qu (陽去) | ˥ (5) | high |
| 8 | yang ru (陽入) | ˩̚ (1) | low checked |
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
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