14th century BC

"1300s BC" redirects here. For the decade, see 1300s BC (decade).

The 14th century BC was the century that lasted from the year 1400 BC until 1301 BC.

Events

• 1350 – 1250 BC: the Bajío phase of the San Lorenzo site in Mexico; large public buildings are constructed.^[1]
• Pastoral nomadism develops in the steppes of Central Asia; cattle are watched on horseback.^[2]

Middle East and Africa

The Near East c. 1400 BC

The northern Colossus of Memnon

• 1400 – 1250 BC: the heyday of the Phoenician city of Ugarit.^[3] A written alphabet is attested by Ugaritic texts.^[4]
• c. 1380 – 1336 BC: the reign of Šuppiluliuma I, who leads the Hittite Empire to its peak.^[5] Šuppiluliuma I conquers the weakened Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni in the second half of the century. Assyria is emancipated under Ashur-uballit I.^[6]
• 1372 – 1350 BC: Akhetaton (Amarna) is constructed as the ephemeral capital of the pharaoh Akhenaten and dedicated to the sun god Aten. It is abandoned a few years after Akhenaten's death.^[7]
• c. 1325 BC: Pharaoh Tutankhamun dies and is buried in a richly furnished tomb in the Valley of the Kings.^[5]
• c. 1320 – 1295 BC: the sinking of the Uluburun shipwreck in the Mediterranean Sea south of modern-day Kaş.^[8]
• Lycian pirates from southwest Anatolia raid the kingdom of Alashiya in Cyprus. They are employed as mercenaries by the Hittites and take part in the Battle of Kadesh.^[9]
• An Ugaritic patera, with its embossed decoration in concentric zones and hunting scenes, reveals an exceptional level in goldsmithing.^[10]

Europe

• c. 1400 – 1300 BC:
  • A glacial rise is attested by the peat bog of the glacier of Tyrol.^[11]
  • Phase III A of the Greek Bronze Age.^[12] Contacts with the Mycenaean civilization are established at Thapsos, Syracuse, Scoglio del Tonno in the Gulf of Taranto, and Ischia on the Tyrrhenian coast.^[13][14]
• 1400 – 1370 BC: phase III A1 of the Late Helladic period in Greece.^[15] Palaces are constructed in Tiryns and Pylos.^[16] Linear B, which transcribes an archaic form of Greek, appears in the palace of Knossos at the end of Phase III A1 of the Late Minoan period.^[17]
• 1370 – 1340 BC: phase III A2 of the Late Helladic period in Greece.^[15]
• 1340 – 1190 BC: phase III B of the Late Helladic period in Greece.^[15] Beehive tombs are constructed in Epirus and Thessaly,^[18] and a palace is constructed in Athens.^[19]
• 1380 – 1120 BC: a Mycenaean sanctuary is built in Phylakopi.^[16]
• c. 1370 BC: the Hagia Triada Sarcophagus is created in Crete.^[20]
• c. 1350 – 1330 BC: the reconstruction of the palace and Cyclopean enclosure at Mycenae, then at its peak under the reign of the legendary king and queen Perseus and Andromeda.^[21]

References

1. Bricker, Victoria; Sabloff, Jeremy A. (2012). Supplement to the Handbook of Middle American Indians. Vol. 1. University of Texas Press. p. 376. ISBN 978-0-292-74441-7.
2. Beaumont, Hervé (2008). Asie centrale (in French). Editions Marcus. p. 101. ISBN 978-2-7131-0228-8.
3. Papin, Yves Denis (1998). Chronologie de l'histoire ancienne (in French). Éditions Jean-paul Gisserot. p. 12. ISBN 978-2-87747-346-0.
4. Lalou, Frank (2016). Les 22 clés de l'alphabet hébraïque (in French). Desclée De Brouwer. p. 38. ISBN 978-2-220-02025-9.
5. Roux, Georges (1995). La Mésopotamie (in French). Seuil. p. 559. ISBN 978-2-02-008632-5.
6. Freu, Jacques; Mazoyer, Michel (2008). L'apogée du nouvel empire hittite (in French). L'Harmattan. p. 13. ISBN 978-2-296-21119-3.
7. Simpson, William Kelly (1998). The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt. Yale University Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-300-07747-6.
8. Fokkens, Harry; Harding, Anthony (2013). The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age. OUP Oxford. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-19-957286-1.
9. Demand, Nancy H. (2011). The Mediterranean Context of Early Greek History. John Wiley & Sons. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-4443-4234-5.
10. Ottinger, Bénédicte (2002). L'art et la chasse (in French). Renaissance Du Livre. p. 12. ISBN 978-2-8046-0679-4.
11. Vivian, Robert (2005). Les glaciers du Mont-Blanc (in French). La Fontaine de Siloë. p. 20. ISBN 978-2-84206-285-9.
12. Baurain, Claude (1997). Les Grecs et la Méditerranée orientale : des siècles "obscurs" à la fin de l'époque archaïque (in French). Presses universitaires de France. p. 60.
13. Mossé, Claude; Schnapp-Gourbeillon, Annie (2009). Précis d'histoire grecque (in French). Armand Colin. p. 69. ISBN 978-2-200-28392-6.
14. Turfa, Jean MacIntosh (2014). The Etruscan World. Routledge. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-134-05523-4.
15. Feuer, Bryan (2004). Mycenaean Civilization. McFarland. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-7864-2698-0.
16. Poursat, Jean-Claude (2014). La Grèce préclassique (in French). Points. p. 49. ISBN 978-2-7578-4500-4.
17. Viers, Rina (2000). Des signes pictographiques à l'alphabet : la communication écrite en Méditerranée : actes du colloque, 14 et 15 mai 1996, Villa grecque Kérylos, Fondation Théodore Reinach (Beaulieu-sur-mer) (in French). Karthala. p. 219. ISBN 978-2-86537-996-5.
18. Platon, Nicolas; de Tournay, Béatrice (1981). La Civilisation égéenne : Le Bronze récent et la civilisation mycénienne (in French). Vol. 2. Albin Michel. p. 382. ISBN 978-2-226-22522-1.
19. Étienne, Roland (2004). Athènes, espaces urbains et histoire (in French). Hachette Éducation. p. PT22. ISBN 978-2-01-181444-9.
20. Suter, Ann (2008). Lament. Oxford University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-19-971427-8.
21. Faure, Paul; Gaignerot, Marie-Jeanne (1991). Guide grec antique. Hachette Éducation Technique. p. PT65. ISBN 978-2-01-181766-2.