San Bernardino Pass

This article is about a mountain pass in the Swiss Alps. For the mountain pass near San Bernardino, California, see San Gorgonio Pass.

For other uses of "San Bernardino", see San Bernardino (disambiguation).

San Bernardino Pass (Italian: Passo del San Bernardino, German: Bernhardinpass, 2,066 metres (6,778 ft)) is a high mountain pass in the Swiss Alps connecting the Hinterrhein and the Mesolcina (Misox) valleys between Thusis (canton of Graubünden) and Bellinzona (canton of Ticino). Located in the far eastern side of the Western Alps it is not to be confused with the Great St Bernard Pass and the Little St Bernard Pass. The top of the pass represents both the Italo-German language frontier and the watershed (drainage divide) between the Po basin and the Rhine basin. Marscholsee is within the pass at an elevation of 2,053 m (6,736 ft).

San Bernardino Pass
Italian: Passo del San Bernardino German: Bernhardinpass
Summit of San Bernardino pass
Elevation	2,066 m (6,778 ft)[1]
Traversed by	Road
Location	Graubünden, Switzerland
Range	Lepontine Alps
Coordinates	46°29′46″N 9°10′15″E
Topo map	Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo
Location in Switzerland

The route first became important as a mule track in the fifteenth century when the route between Thusis and Splügen was known as the Via Mala. A road for wheeled vehicles was opened in 1770; this road was significantly improved between 1821 and 1823, financed in part by the Kingdom of Sardinia, keen to improve a trade route connecting Genoa and Piedmont to the Graubünden that was not directly controlled by Austria.

Traffic flow was much facilitated when in 1967, the San Bernardino road tunnel was completed: since then vehicle traffic on the pass has been reduced, benefiting those taking the time to avoid the tunnel. The pass road is only open from May to November.

San Bernardino Pass and Laghetto Moesola

Climate

The average climatic conditions for San Bernardino village at the entry point to the San Bernardino tunnel at 1,639 m (5,377 ft) are given in the following chart.

Climate data for S. Bernardino village (1981-2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	0.6 (33.1)	0.7 (33.3)	3.2 (37.8)	5.8 (42.4)	10.8 (51.4)	15.1 (59.2)	17.8 (64.0)	17.2 (63.0)	13.2 (55.8)	9.2 (48.6)	3.8 (38.8)	1.0 (33.8)	8.2 (46.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−3.6 (25.5)	−3.6 (25.5)	−0.9 (30.4)	1.9 (35.4)	6.5 (43.7)	10.5 (50.9)	13.0 (55.4)	12.4 (54.3)	8.9 (48.0)	4.9 (40.8)	0.0 (32.0)	−3.0 (26.6)	3.9 (39.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−7.6 (18.3)	−7.5 (18.5)	−4.7 (23.5)	−1.5 (29.3)	2.6 (36.7)	6.0 (42.8)	8.3 (46.9)	8.1 (46.6)	5.0 (41.0)	1.3 (34.3)	−3.3 (26.1)	−6.5 (20.3)	0.0 (32.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	89 (3.5)	62 (2.4)	95 (3.7)	171 (6.7)	216 (8.5)	188 (7.4)	188 (7.4)	193 (7.6)	202 (8.0)	182 (7.2)	162 (6.4)	105 (4.1)	1,854 (73.0)
Average snowfall cm (inches)	95.3 (37.5)	77.8 (30.6)	76.4 (30.1)	92.8 (36.5)	13.6 (5.4)	0.5 (0.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.4 (0.6)	9.9 (3.9)	64.6 (25.4)	89.4 (35.2)	521.7 (205.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	7.5	6.7	8.5	11.2	14.7	12.0	11.5	12.4	10.1	10.7	9.4	8.2	122.9
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm)	8.9	7.5	7.4	8	1.8	0.1	0	0	0.2	1.6	6.9	8.6	51
Average relative humidity (%)	63	64	65	71	74	71	71	73	75	76	71	68	70
Mean monthly sunshine hours	101	109	140	120	125	150	172	159	138	114	88	88	1,504
Source: MeteoSwiss[2]

See also

• List of highest paved roads in Europe
• List of mountain passes
• List of the highest Swiss passes

Bibliography

• Nicola Pfund, Sui passi in bicicletta - Swiss Alpine passes by bicycle, Fontana Edizioni, 2012, p. 134-139. ISBN 978-88-8191-281-0

References

1. Swisstopo maps
2. "Climate Norm Value Tables". Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss). Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013. The weather station elevation is 1638 meters above sea level.

External links

• Profile on climbbybike.com
• Media related to San Bernardino Pass at Wikimedia Commons