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Kawahíva (Kawahíb, Kagwahib) is a Tupi–Guarani dialect cluster of Brazil. The major variety is Tenharim.

Quick Facts Kawahíva, Native to ...
Kawahíva
Tupi–Guarani subgroup VI
Kawahib
Native toBrazil
RegionMato Grosso and Rondônia
Ethnicity(see varieties below)
Native speakers
870 (2000–2006)[1]
Tupian
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
pah  TenharimParintintín
urz  Uru-eu-wau-wau
kuq  Karipuná (confuses Kawahib with Jau-Navo)
jua  Júma
xmo  Morerebi
tkf  ? Tukumanféd (unattested)
wir  Wiraféd
paf  Paranawát
adw  Amondawa
api  Apiacá
Glottologtupi1280
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The Tenharim (self-designation, Pyri 'near, together'), Parintintín, Jiahúi, Amondawa, Karipúna (not to be confused with neither the Panoan group, nor the Carib-based creole spoken in the state of Amapá, which all have the same name), Uru-eu-wau-wau (self-designation, Jupaú), Júma, Piripkúra, and Capivarí all call themselves Kawahíva. Their speech is mutually intelligible, and also similar with other languages now extinct. The closest Tupí-Guaraní language seems to be Apiaká,[2] spoken in Mato Grosso.

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Varieties

There are different internal classifications of the pan-Kawahíwa, which differ in, e.g., whether Kayabí and Apiaká should be included as part of the dialectal cluster. The one listed in Aguilar (2013, 2018) follows:[3][4]

Languages spoken in north-central Rondônia are Karipúna, Uru-eu-wau-wau (Jupaú), Amondawa, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups. Languages spoken in northeastern Mato Grosso and southern Pará are Apiaká, Kayabí, Piripkúra, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups.

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Phonology

Tenharim dialect

Phonemic inventory of the Tenharim/Uruewawau dialect:[5]

More information Front, Central ...
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  • /a, ã/ are heard as [ə, ə̃] in unstressed syllables.
More information Bilabial, Alveolar ...
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  • /ɲ/ can be heard as [j] when in unstressed positions.
  • /β/ can also be heard as [w] in the Uruewawau dialect.

Júma dialect

Phonemic inventory of the Júma dialect:[6]

More information Front, Central ...
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More information Bilabial, Alveolar ...
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References

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Further reading

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