Kaʼapor language

Kaapor (Kaʼapor, Kaaporté), also known as "Urubú," "Caapor" or Urubú-Kaapor, is a Tupi–Guarani language spoken as a primary language by the Kaʼapor people of Brazil. The language is also spoken as a second language by non-Ka'apor ethnic groups, including Tembé. ^[2][3]

Kaʼapor
Urubu
Native to	Brazil
Region	Maranhão
Ethnicity	990 Kaapor (2006)[1]
Native speakers	800 (2006)[1]
Language family	Tupian Tupi–Guaraní Wayampí Kaʼapor
Writing system	Latin script
Signed forms	Kaʼapor Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3	urb
Glottolog	urub1250
ELP	Kaapor

There is a high incidence of congenital deafness among the Kaʼapor people, most of whom grow up bilingual in Urubu-Kaapor Sign Language, which may be indigenous to them.

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar		Glottal
				plain	lab.
Stop	p	t		k	kʷ	ʔ
Fricative		s	ʃ			h
Nasal	m	n		ŋ	ŋʷ
Rhotic		ɾ
Approximant	w		j

• Sounds /s, ʃ, m, n/ may also be heard as [ts, tʃ, ᵐb, ⁿd] in word-initial positions.
• /j/ may also be heard as [ʒ] or [dʒ] freely, in word-initial positions.
• /ɾ/ may also be heard as a trill [r] in word-final positions.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ĩ	ɨ	u ũ
Mid	e ẽ		o õ
Open		a ã

• Sounds /e, o/ may also be heard as more open [ɛ, ɔ] in stressed syllables.