Passion Sunday

Passion Sunday is the fifth Sunday in Lent, marking the beginning of Passiontide. In 1969, the Roman Catholic Church deleted Passiontide from the liturgical calendar of the Mass of Paul VI, but it is still observed in the Church by those who keep the Extraordinary Form and Personal Ordinariates, and outside it by some Anglicans and Lutherans.

Passion Sunday
Crucifix veiled for Passiontide in the Parish Church of St. Martin, Tannheim, Baden Württemberg, Germany.
Also called	Care Sunday (Scotland)
Observed by	Anglicans Lutherans Roman Catholics (Extraordinary Form) Methodists
Liturgical color	Violet
Observances	Veiling of crucifixes and images
Date	Fifth Sunday in Lent; Second Sunday before Easter, or the Sunday following this (Roman Rite)
2023 date	March 26
2024 date	March 17
2025 date	April 6
2026 date	March 22
Related to	Passiontide, Palm Sunday

In Scotland, the day is known as Care Sunday.^[1]

Fifth Sunday in Lent

Passion Sunday and other named days and day ranges around Lent and Easter in Western Christianity, with the fasting days of Lent numbered

Until 1959, the fifth Sunday in Lent was officially known in the Roman Catholic Church as “Passion Sunday”.^[2] It marked the beginning of a two-week-long period known as Passiontide, which is still observed by Catholics who attend the Extraordinary Form or of Anglican Ordinariates, as well as Western Rite Orthodox Christians, and various denominations in Protestantism.

In 1960, Pope John XXIII's Code of Rubrics changed the name of that Sunday to “First Sunday of the Passion”,^[3] bringing the name into harmony with the name that Pope Pius XII gave five years earlier to the sixth Sunday in Lent, “Second Sunday of the Passion or Palm Sunday”.

Pope Paul VI in 1969 removed a distinction that existed (although with overlap) between Lent and Passiontide, which began with the fifth Sunday in Lent. The distinction, explicit in the 1960 Code of Rubrics,^[4] predates it.^[5] He deleted the reference to the Passion from the fifth Sunday in Lent.

Although Passiontide as a distinct liturgical season was abolished, the Roman Rite liturgy continues to bring the Passion of Christ to mind, from Monday of the fifth week in Lent onward, through the choice of hymns, the use on the weekdays of the fifth week of Lent of Preface I of the Passion of the Lord, with Preface II of the Passion of the Lord being used on the first three weekdays of Holy Week, and the authorization of the practice of covering crosses and images from the fifth Sunday in Lent onward, if the Conference of Bishops so permits. Where this practice is followed, crucifixes remain covered until the end of the Good Friday celebration of the Lord’s Passion; statues remain covered until the Easter Vigil.^{[citation needed]}

The entrance antiphon of the Mass on the fifth Sunday in Lent begins with the word "Iudica" (older spelling, "Judica"). This provides another name for the day: "Iudica Sunday" or "Judica Sunday",^[6] similar to the name "Laetare Sunday" for the fourth Sunday. Due to of the custom of veiling crucifixes and statues before Mass on the fifth Sunday in Lent, this Sunday was called “Black Sunday” in Germany where the veils were black, which elsewhere were generally purple.^[7]

Those who continue to observe earlier forms of the Roman Rite or of liturgies modelled on it refer to the fifth Sunday in Lent by one or other of its previous names.

Lutheran readings

The historical readings for the fifth Sunday in Lent in the Lutheran tradition are Genesis 12:1–3, Hebrews 9:11–15, John 8:46–59, and Psalm 43. I Corinthians 1:21–31 and Matthew 26:17–29 are alternate readings.^[8]

The three-year lectionary appoints the following readings for the fifth Sunday in Lent:^[9]

• Psalm
  • A: 116:1–9
  • B: 51:10–15
  • C: 28:1–9
• 1st Lesson
  • A: Ezekiel 37:1–14
  • B: Jeremiah 31:31–34
  • C: Isaiah 43:16–21
• 2nd Lesson
  • A: Romans 8:11–19
  • B: Hebrews 5:7–9
  • C: Philippians 3:8–14
• Gospel
  • A: John 11:47-53/1-53
  • B: John 12:20–33
  • C: Luke 20:9–19

Sixth Sunday in Lent

In the Roman Rite, the Gospel reading at the Mass of the sixth Sunday in Lent is an account in one of the Synoptic Gospels of the Passion of Christ. Until 1969, the lesson was always the account from the Gospel of Matthew: the whole of chapters 26 and 27 (Matthew 26:1–27:66).^[10] In the 1955 reforms, this was trimmed to Matthew 26:36–27:60 while for priests celebrating a second or a third Mass on that day, to just Matthew 27:45–52 .^[11] Since 1970, the revised Roman Missal has been using a three-year cycle in which the accounts of Matthew (26:14–27:66 or 27:11–54), Mark (14:1–15:47 or 15:1–39) and Luke (22:14–23:56 or 23:1–49) are alternated in successive years.^[12]

Until 1954, the official name of the sixth Sunday in Lent was simply “Palm Sunday”.^[13] In 1955, the name became for 15 years was the “Second Sunday of the Passion or Palm Sunday”.^[14] Since 1970, it has been “Palm Sunday of the Passion of the Lord”.^[15]

Food

In the north of England and parts of Scotland, it is a tradition to eat carlin peas on this day.^[16][17]

References

1. "Care Sunday". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
2. Dominica de Passione – Missale Romanum, 1920 typical edition Archived 2020-03-01 at the Wayback Machine, p. 156
3. Dominica I Passionis – Missale Romanum 1962 Archived 2020-02-15 at the Wayback Machine, p. 118
4. The Code of Rubrics speaks of Lent (tempus quadragesimale) as comprising Passiontide (tempus Passionis), but at the same time distinguishes Lent in a narrower sense (tempus Quadragesimae) from Passiontide.
5. The distinction is found repeatedly in, for instance, the pre-1960 Ritus servandus in celebratione Missae, which speaks of Passiontide as following Lent (without suggesting that Lenten observances should end at that point), but which also speaks of Lent as extending at least to Wednesday of Holy Week, as in: "In Quadragesima autem a Feria IV Cinerum usque ad Feriam IV Majoris Hebdomadae ..." (Ritus servandus in celebratione Missae, XI, 2).
6. Mershman, Francis. "Passion Sunday." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 6 April 2019 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
7. Yonge, Charlotte M., ed. (1879). The Monthly Packet of Evening Readings for Members of the English Church. J. and C. Mozley. p. 514.
8. Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary. St. Louis: MorningStar Music Publishers, 1996. 202
9. Hymnary. 200–201
10. Missale Romanum, 1920 typical edition Archived 2020-03-01 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 179–185
11. Missale Romanum 1962 Archived 2020-02-15 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 137–140
12. Readings for the Sundays of Lent
13. Dominica in Palmis – Missale Romanum, 1920 typical edition Archived 2020-03-01 at the Wayback Machine, p. 171
14. Dominica II Passionis seu in palmis – Missale Romanum 1962 Archived 2020-02-15 at the Wayback Machine, p. 130
15. Dominica in Palmis de Passione Domini – current edition of the Roman Missal
16. Davidson, Alan; Jaine, Tom (2014). "Carling". The Oxford companion to food (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199677337.
17. Heritage Vegetables, Sue Stickland. London: Gaia Books. p 149 (1998)

Sundays of the Easter cycle
Preceded by Fourth Sunday of Lent	Fifth Sunday of Lent March 17, 2024	Succeeded by Palm Sunday