The Judeo-Iranian languages (or dialects) are a number of related Jewish variants of Iranian languages spoken throughout the formerly extensive realm of the Persian Empire. Judeo-Shirazi, for example, remains close to the language of Hafez.
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Like most Jewish languages, all the Judeo-Iranian languages contain great numbers of Hebrew loanwords, and are written using variations of the Hebrew alphabet. Another name used for some Judeo-Iranian dialects is Latorayi, sometimes interpreted by folk etymology as "not [the language] of the Torah". This refers to a form of the language in which the number of Hebrew and Aramaic loanwords is deliberately maximised to allow it to function as a secret code. In general, however, the number of such loanwords is small compared with that in other Jewish languages such as Yiddish or Judaeo-Spanish.[2]
Languages
The languages include:
- Judeo-Persian (literary language)
- Luterā'i (a secret language combining an Aramaic and Hebrew vocabulary with Persian conjunctions and grammatical morphemes)[3][4][5]
- Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik, the Jewish language of the distinctive Jewish community centered in Bukhara)
- Judeo-Golpaygani, the Judeo-Persian language traditionally spoken by the Jewish community in the environs of Golpayegan and western Isfahan province, Iran.[6] The first records of Jewish communities in this region date to approximately 750 BC. Like most Jewish languages, Judeo-Golpaygani was written using Hebrew characters [citation needed], and contained many Hebrew loanwords. [citation needed] Following the decline and consolidation of the Persian Jewish community in the mid-20th century, Judeo-Golpaygani fell into disuse, being replaced by Judeo-Persian, Judeo-Hamedani–Borujerdi, and Persian, among those speakers remaining in Iran, and by English and Hebrew by those emigrating to the United States and Israel.
- Judeo-Yazdi and Judeo-Kermani (spoken in the environs of Yazd and elsewhere in Yazd province, in central Iran; in Kerman and elsewhere in Kerman province, in south-central Iran)
- Judeo-Shirazi (spoken in Shiraz and elsewhere in Fars province, in southwestern Iran)
- Judeo-Esfahani (spoken in Isfahan and environs, as well as elsewhere in central and southern Isfahan Province, Iran)
- Judeo-Hamedani (spoken in Hamadan and elsewhere in Hamadan province, in western Iran)
- Judeo-Kashani (spoken in Kashan,[7][8][9] Abyaneh,[9] and elsewhere in northern Isfahan province, in western Iran)
- Luflā'i (a Kashani variant of Luterā'i)[3][4][5]
- Judeo-Borujerdi (spoken in Borujerd and elsewhere in Lorestan province, in western Iran)
- Judeo-Nehevandi (spoken in Nahavand and elsewhere in northern Hamadan province, in western Iran)
- Judeo-Khunsari (spoken in Khansar and elsewhere in far-western Isfahan province, in western Iran)
- Judeo-Tat (spoken in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Dagestan (North Caucasus).
Language samples
- Oral history in Judeo-Shirazi
- Oral history in Judeo-Hamedani–Borujerdi
- Oral history in Judeo-Esfahani
- Oral history in Lishan Deni (Jewish Neo-Aramaic)
- Oral history in Lishan Didan (Jewish Neo-Aramaic)
- Oral history in Lishan Noshan (Jewish Neo-Aramic)
See also
References
External links
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