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18th-century Austrian nobleman and military commander From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prince Frederick Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (German: Friedrich Josias von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld) (26 December 1737 – 26 February 1815) was an Austrian nobleman and military commander.
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (October 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Frederick Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld | |
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Portrait of the Prince, wearing the Austrian military uniform with the ribbon and star of the Order of Maria Theresa of Austria by Ferdinand Jagemann | |
| Native name | Friedrich Josias von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld |
| Born | 26 December 1737 Ehrenburg Palace, Coburg, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (now Bavaria) |
| Died | 26 February 1815 (aged 77) Coburg |
| Allegiance |  Archduchy of Austria Holy Roman Empire |
| Service | Imperial Army |
| Years of service | 1759–1795 |
| Rank | Generalfeldmarschall |
| Battles / wars | Tree-like list |
| Awards | Military Order of Maria Theresa |
| Spouse(s) | Therese Stroffeck |
| Relations | House of Wettin (family) Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (father) Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (mother) Freiherr Frederick von Rohmann (son) |
| Signature | ,_1791.svg){kind=small} |
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Born at Schloß Ehrenburg in Coburg, he was the youngest son of Duke Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. He was the great-uncle of King Leopold I of Belgium (1790–1865); and the great-great-uncle of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (1819–1901).
Josias joined the Habsburg military as Colonel in 1759, participated in the Seven Years' War, and rose to the rank of lieutenant field marshal by 1773. In the Russo-Turkish-Austrian war of 1788, he commanded an army corps under Freiherr von Laudon, occupying Moldavia, capturing Khotyn in Bessarabia and sharing in Aleksandr Suvorov's victory in the Battle of Focșani (1 August 1789). Having completely beaten the main Ottoman army under Grand Vizier Koca Yusuf Pasha in the Battle of Rymnik, he captured the greater part of Wallachia, including Bucharest, being welcomed by the population after the flight of Prince Nicholas Mavrogenes (see History of Bucharest), and soon after becoming a field marshal.[citation needed]
During the occupation of Moldavia, Josias met Therese Stroffeck, a commoner. On 24 September 1789, in the town of Roman, they had a son named Frederick. Josias married Therese after their return to Coburg, on 24 December and recognized his son. Frederick was ennobled by the Austrian Emperor on 25 August 1808 and on 17 February 1853 the Duke Ernst II of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha created him Freiherr von Rohmann, named after the place of his birth. Frederick however, as the child of a morganatic marriage, and his descendants were barred of the succession of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
In 1793 and 1794, he commanded the army in the Austrian Netherlands during the Flanders Campaign. Due to his victory in the French Revolutionary Wars at Neerwinden in March 1793, he returned the region to Austrian control. Entering France, he took Condé, Valenciennes, Quesnoy and Landrecies. However, due to unfortunate positioning, partly due to disunity amongst the Allied powers and their forces, he suffered a string of minor setbacks in front of the Revolutionary Army on the Sambre, followed by a decisive defeat at Fleurus (26 June 1794).
He thereupon abandoned the Netherlands, which Habsburg diplomats had already decided to give up. Angered by this, and openly criticizing the policies of the Baron Thugut, Josias resigned as Field Marshal (the Count of Clerfayt assumed command in his place) and retired to Coburg, where he later died.
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