Joseph Maria Olbrich

Joseph Maria Olbrich (22 December 1867 – 8 August 1908) was an Austrian architect and one of the Vienna Secession founders.

Joseph Maria Olbrich
Born	(1867-12-22)22 December 1867 Troppau, Austria-Hungary
Died	8 August 1908(1908-08-08) (aged 40) Düsseldorf, German Empire
Nationality	Austrian
Occupation	Architect
Awards	Prix de Rome (1893)
Buildings	Secession hall

Joseph Maria Olbrich around 1908.

Early life

Olbrich was born in Troppau, Austrian Silesia (modern day Opava, Czech Republic), the third child of Edmund and Aloisia Olbrich. He had two sisters, who died before he was born, and two younger brothers, John and Edmund. His father was a prosperous confectioner and wax manufacturer who also owned a brick works, where Olbrich's interest in the construction industry has its early origin.

Career

Olbrich studied architecture at the University of Applied Arts Vienna (Wiener Staatsgewerbeschule) and the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, where he won several prizes. These included the Prix de Rome, for which he traveled to Italy and North Africa.^[1] In 1893, he started working for Otto Wagner, the Austrian architect, and probably did the detailed construction for most of Wagner's Wiener Stadtbahn (Metropolitan Railway) buildings.

In 1897, Gustav Klimt, Olbrich, Josef Hoffmann and Koloman Moser founded the Vienna Secession artistic group. Olbrich designed their exhibition building, the famous Secession Hall, which became the movement's landmark.^[2] In 1899, Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, founded the Darmstadt Artists' Colony, for which Olbrich designed many houses (including his own) and several exhibition buildings. Olbrich gained Hessian citizenship in 1900 and was appointed to a professorship by the Grand Duke. In 1903, he married Claire Morawe.^[3]

In the following years, Olbrich executed diverse architectural commissions and experimented in applied arts and design. He designed pottery, furniture, book bindings, and musical instruments. His courtyard and interiors^[4] at the St. Louis World's Fair won the highest prize at the exhibition.^[5] At the time, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch wrote of his pavilion, "The interior decorators of the United States are now talking about the Olbrich Pavilion. It is already indicated as one of the things at the World's Fair which will leave a permanent mark upon American life."^[6] He was subsequently appointed corresponding member of the American Institute of Architects.^[7] His architectural works, especially his exhibition buildings for the Vienna and Darmstadt Secessions, had a strong influence on the development of the Art Nouveau style.

Shortly after his daughter Marianne's birth on 19 July 1908, Olbrich died from leukemia in Düsseldorf on 8 August, aged 40.

Works

• The Secession hall, Vienna
• Residence for Hermann Bahr, Vienna
• Hochzeitsturm [de] and other buildings at Darmstadt Artists' Colony, Mathildenhöhe, Darmstadt
• Department store for Leonhard Tietz, Düsseldorf
• Villa for Josef Feinhals, Cologne, built 1908 and destroyed in World War II

Gallery

• 
  Secession Hall, Vienna
• 
  Olbrich's house at the Darmstadt Artists' Colony
• 
  Upper Hesse Exhibition House, Darmstadt Artists' Colony
• 
  Exhibition building
• 
  Wilhelm Deiters’ House
• 
  Glückert House
• 
  "Prinzessinenschloss" in Langen, Germany
• 
  Wedding tower
• 
  Ernst-Ludwig House
• 
  Department store in Düsseldorf

References

1. Sembach, Klaus-Jürgen (2002). Art Nouveau: Utopia – Reconciling the Reconcilable. Cologne: Taschen. p. 142. ISBN 3-8228-2022-9.
2. "Teaching Art Nouveau: Joseph Maria Olbrich". National Gallery of Art (USA). Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
3. "Art Nouveau and Secession". Leopold Museum, Austria. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
4. "Court in the German pavilion (Designed by Olbrich)". St. Louis Public Library. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
5. Clark, R.J. (1972). The Shaping of art and architecture in nineteenth-century America. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 72. ISBN 0-87099-024-1.
6. Chu, Petra ten-Doesschate; Dixon, Laurinda S., eds. (2008). Twenty-First-Century Perspectives on Nineteenth-Century Art. Essays in Honor of Gabriel P. Weisberg. Newark: University of Delaware Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-87413-011-9.
7. Clark, R. J. (1972). The Shaping of Art and Architecture in Nineteenth-Century America. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 72. ISBN 0-87099-024-1.

Additional references

• Latham, Ian (1980). Joseph Maria Olbrich. New York: Rizzoli. ISBN 0-8478-0230-2.
• Olbrich, Joseph Maria (1901). Ideen von Olbrich. Leipzig: Verlag von Baumgärtner's Buchhandlung. OL 24607147M.
• Ulmer, Renate (2006). Joseph Maria Olbrich (in German). München: Deutscher Kunstverlag. ISBN 3-422-06659-4.

• Joseph Maria Olbrich on Architectuul