Joseph Martin may refer to:
- Joseph Martin (MP for Ipswich) (1649–1729), English MP for Ipswich in 1701
- Joseph Martin (1726–1776), British banker and politician
- Joseph John Martin (1833–1900), U.S. Congressman from North Carolina
- Joseph Martin (Australian politician) (1898–1940), member of the New South Wales Legislative Council
- Joseph Martin (Canadian politician) (1852–1923), lawyer and politician known as "Fighting Joe"
- Joseph R. Martin (1926–2008), Canadian politician in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
- Joseph W. Martin Jr. (1884–1968), Speaker of the U.S. House
- Joseph Martin (Wisconsin politician) (1878–1946), Wisconsin State Assemblyman
- Joseph A. Martin (1888–1928), mayor of Detroit, Michigan in 1924
- J. C. Martin (Texas politician) (Joseph Claude Martin, Jr., 1913–1998), mayor of Laredo, Texas
- Joseph C. Martin, mayor of Erie, Pennsylvania
- Joseph Martin (gardener) (fl. 1788–1826), Enlightenment gardener-botanist and plant collector
- Joseph Martin (rapist) (1869–1887), convicted rapist from the Mount Rennie rape case
- Joseph Martin (reporter) (1915–1981), journalist and Pulitzer Prize-winner
- Lock Martin (1916–1959), 7-foot-plus US actor
- Joseph B. Martin (born 1938), professor of neurobiology
- Joseph Martin (arts administrator), National Gallery of Canada director
- J. C. Martin (baseball) (Joseph Clifton Martin, born 1936), Major League Baseball player
- Joseph Martin (explorer) (1848–1892), French geologist, topographer and explorer