between two rival presidents, José de la Riva Agüero and José Bernardo de Tagle, and the Royalists under the Viceroy of Peru, José de la Serna. In November
de Montúfar Gabriel García Moreno Eloy Alfaro José María Velasco IbarraJosé Joaquín de Olmedo Manuel José Arce Gerardo Barrios Francisco Dueñas Francisco
1860-1861 Manuel Antonio Carreño, 1861 Francisco Madriz, 1861 Hilarión Nadal, 1861 Pedro José Rojas, 1862-1863 Antonio Guzmán Blanco, 1863-1864 Guillermo
requested international arbitration, but the Bolivian government, presided by Hilarión Daza, considered this an internal issue subject to the jurisdiction of
such as "Peruvian imperialism" were read. The governments of José María Velasco Ibarra, León Febres Cordero and Jaime Roldós Aguilera had an openly anti-Peruvian