Input method

An input method (or input method editor, commonly abbreviated IME) is an operating system component or program that enables users to generate characters not natively available on their input devices by using sequences of characters (or mouse operations) that are available to them. Using an input method is usually necessary for languages that have more graphemes than there are keys on the keyboard.

An animation shows how an input method produces Korean texts.

For instance, on the computer, this allows the user of Latin keyboards to input Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Indic characters. On hand-held devices, it enables the user to type on the numeric keypad to enter Latin alphabet characters (or any other alphabet characters) or touch a screen display to input text. On some operating systems, an input method is also used to define the behavior of the dead keys.

Implementations

Screenshot of Swarachakra, an input method producing Indic scripts.

Although originally coined for CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean) computing, the term is now sometimes used generically to refer to a program to support the input of any language. To illustrate, in the X Window System, the facility to allow the input of Latin characters with diacritics is also called an input method.

On Windows XP or later Windows, Input method, or IME, are also called Text Input Processor, which are implemented by the Text Services Framework API.

Relationship between the methodology and implementation

While the term input method editor was originally used for Microsoft Windows, its use has now gained acceptance in other operating systems^{[citation needed]}, especially when it is important to distinguish between the computer interface and implementation of input methods, or among the input methods themselves, the editing functionality of the program or operating system component providing the input method, and the general support of input methods in an operating system. This term has, for example, gained general acceptance on the Linux operating system; it is also used on the Mac OS.

• The term input method generally refers to a particular way to use the keyboard to input a particular language, for example the Cangjie method, the pinyin method, or the use of dead keys.
• On the other hand, the term input method editor on Microsoft products refers to the program that allows an input method to be used (for example MS New Pinyin), or the editing area that allows the user to do the input. It can also refer to a character palette, which allows any Unicode character to be input individually. One might also interpret IME to refer to the editor used for creating or modifying the data files upon which an input method relies.

See also

• CJK characters – Logographs in shared East Asian written tradition
• Internationalization and localization – Process of making software accessible to people in different areas of the world
• Unicode input#Techniques – Input characters using their Unicode code points

Related techniques

• Alt codes – Input method used with MSDOS and WindowsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Handwriting recognition – Ability of a computer to receive and interpret intelligible handwritten input
• Keyboard layout – Arrangement of keys on a typographic keyboard, in particular dead keys

Input methods versus language

• Chinese input method
• Japanese language and computers
  • Japanese input method – Methods used to input Japanese characters on a computer
• Korean language and computers
• Vietnamese language and computers
• Indic scripts input methods in Wikipedia for languages used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central Asia and East Asia.

Specific input methods

• List of input methods for Unix platforms
• ATOK – Proprietary Japanese input method editor
• Microsoft Windows#Multilingual support – Computer operating systems MS IME for Windows
• Tise – Tibetan input method editor for Windows
• Wnn – Japanese text input system

Input methods for handheld devices

• Multi-tap – Text entry system for mobile phones —Used on many mobile telephones—hit the (combined alphanumeric) key for the letter you want until it comes up, then wait or proceed with a different key.
• T9 – Mobile phone technology/XT9—Type the key for every letter once, then, if needed, type Next until the right word comes up. May also correct misspellings and regional typos (if an adjacent key is pressed incorrectly).
• iTap – Predictive text system —Similar to first-generation T9, with word autocomplete.
• LetterWise – Patented predictive text entry systems—Hit the key with the letter you want, if it doesn't come up, hit Next until it does.
• FITALY – Keyboard layout for stylus or touch input (An array, almost square, which minimizes distance travelled from one letter to another.)
• MessagEase, an input method optimized for the most common letters, that can enter hundreds of characters with single hand motions
• 8pen, an input method using circular swipes in an attempt to mimic hand movements
• Graffiti, the Palm OS input method, entered using a stylus
• Pouces, an input method using touches and swipes

Virtual keyboards

Main article: Virtual keyboard

• Fleksy—Eyes-free touch typing for touchscreen devices, also used by blind / visually impaired people.^[1]
• SwiftKey—context-sensitive word-prediction^[2][3]
• Swype – Virtual keyboard application, an input method that uses swiping gestures instead of tapping to quickly enter text
• Gboard – Virtual keyboard app for Android and iOS, the keyboard that comes bundled with the Android operating system

References

1. Meddaugh, Jason (2013-02-01), 2012: A Technology Year in Review, US: American Foundation for the Blind, archived from the original on 2021-02-11, retrieved 2013-02-25, Our top story of 2012 involves a formerly little-known app called Fleksy and its rise toward prominence and mainstream acceptance.
2. Fiedlerová, Klára (2012-05-10), Possibilities of Text Input for Handicapped People (PDF), Prague: Czech Technical University in Prague, p. 15, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-14, retrieved 2012-08-01, Word prediction is used to speed up the text entry. The prediction system uses the context of the sentence to predict three words that could be used next.
3. "For phones - SwiftKey". SwiftKey. TouchType. Retrieved 2016-10-21.

External links

• Microsoft Input Method Editors (IMEs) for Chinese, Japanese and Korean
• BhashaIndia, the Microsoft portal for Indic languages, which has Indic IME for download.
• Google Transliteration IMEs