Glasshead grenadier

The glasshead grenadier (Hymenocephalus italicus) is a species of fish in the family Macrouridae.^[3][4][5][6]

Glasshead grenadier
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Gadiformes
Family:	Macrouridae
Genus:	Hymenocephalus
Species:	H. italicus
Binomial name
Hymenocephalus italicus (Giglioli, 1884)
Synonyms[2]
Bathygadus cavernosus Goode & Bean, 1885 Himenocephalus italicus Giglioli, 1884 Hymenocephalus (Hymenocephalus) italicus Giglioli, 1884 Hymenocephalus cavernosus Goode & Bean, 1885 Macrurus cavernosus Goode & Bean, 1886 Macrurus italicus Giglioli, 1884

Description

Diagram

The glasshead grenadier has a measurement of up to 25 cm (9.8 in). Its snout is obtuse and projects slightly beyond the mouth. Its barbel is small, and its scales are thin, deciduous, spiny and large.^[7]

Habitat

The glasshead grenadier lives in the Atlantic Ocean;^[8] it is benthopelagic, living at depths of 100–1,400 m (330–4,590 ft).^[9]

Behaviour

The glasshead grenadier feeds on pelagic copepods, euphausiids and gammarid amphipods, shrimp, ostracods, cumaceans and other small crustaceans.^[9][10]

References

1. Academy), Tomio Iwamoto (Cal (July 11, 2012). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hymenocephalus italicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species – via www.iucnredlist.org.
2. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Coryphaenoides carapinus Goode & Bean, 1883". www.marinespecies.org.
3. "ITIS - Report: Hymenocephalus italicus". www.itis.gov.
4. "Fisheries Review". Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. September 29, 1994 – via Google Books.
5. Cohen, Daniel M.; Ebeling, Alfred W.; Iwamoto, Tomio; McDowell, Samuel B.; Marshall, N. B.; Rosen, Donn E.; Sonoda, Pearl; III, Walter H. Weed; Woods, Loren P. (October 23, 2018). Orders Heteromi (Notacanthiformes), Berycomorphi (Beryciformes), Xenoberyces (Stephanoberyciformes), Anacanthini (Gadiformes): Part 6. Yale University Press. ISBN 9781933789293 – via Google Books.
6. Richards, William J. (August 8, 2005). Early Stages of Atlantic Fishes: An Identification Guide for the Western Central North Atlantic, Two Volume Set. CRC Press. ISBN 9780203500217 – via Google Books.
7. Goode, George Brown (September 29, 1895). "Oceanic Ichthyology: A Treatise on the Deep-sea and Pelagic Fishes of the World, Based Chiefly Upon the Collections Made by the Steamers Blake, Albatross, and Fish Hawk in the Northwestern Atlantic, with an Atlas Containing 417 Figures". Smithsonian institution – via Google Books.
8. "Hymenocephalus italicus | NBN Atlas". species.nbnatlas.org.
9. "Hymenocephalus italicus, Glasshead grenadier". www.fishbase.de.
10. Hoplostethus mediterraneus, Hymenocephalus italicus and Nezumia aequalis. Temporal variations of (a) δ 15 N, (b) δ 13 C and (c) normalised δ 13 C values by month of H. mediterraneus (Hmed), H. italicus (Hita) and N. aequalis (Naeq) – via ResearchGate.