Hydroxylammonium chloride

Hydroxylammonium chloride
Names
	Other names Hydroxylamine hydrochloride
Identifiers
CAS Number	5470-11-1 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:5807;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL542448 ;
ChemSpider	20344 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.024.362
EC Number	226-798-2;
KEGG	C11598;
PubChem CID	443297;
RTECS number	NC3675000;
UNII	5X4ZA62Z4Q ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7025425 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/ClH.H4NO/c;1-2/h1H;2H,1H3/q;+1/p-1 Key: WCYJQVALWQMJGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M ; InChI=1/ClH.H4NO/c;1-2/h1H;2H,1H3/q;+1/p-1 Key: WCYJQVALWQMJGE-REWHXWOFAB;
	SMILES [Cl-].O[NH3+];
Properties
Chemical formula	ClH4NO
Molar mass	69.49 g·mol−1
Appearance	white crystalline solid
Density	1.67 g/cm3
Melting point	155 to 157 °C (311 to 315 °F; 428 to 430 K) decomposes
Conjugate base	Hydroxylamine
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H290, H301, H302, H312, H315, H317, H319, H351, H373, H400
Precautionary statements	P201, P202, P234, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P390, P391, P404, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 1 1
Related compounds
Other anions	Hydroxylammonium nitrate; Hydroxylammonium sulfate; ;
Other cations	Ammonium chloride; Hydraziniumchlorid [de]; Methylammonium chloride; ;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Hydroxylammonium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula [NH₃OH]⁺Cl⁻. It is the hydrochloric acid salt of hydroxylamine (NH₂OH). Hydroxylamine is a biological intermediate in nitrification (biological oxidation of ammonia with oxygen into nitrite) and in anammox (biological oxidation of nitrite and ammonium into dinitrogen gas) which are important in the nitrogen cycle in soil and in wastewater treatment plants.

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Applications

Hydroxylammonium chloride is used in organic synthesis for preparation of oximes and hydroxamic acids from carboxylic acids, N- and O- substituted hydroxylamines, and addition reactions of carbon-carbon double bond.

During the acetyl bromide method of extracting lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, hydroxylammonium chloride can be used to remove bromine and polybromide from the solution.

In surface treatments, it is used in the preparation of anti-skinning agents, corrosion inhibitors, and cleaner additives. It is also a starting material for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals manufacturing. In the rubber and plastics industries, it is an antioxidant, vulcanization accelerator, and radical scavenger.

It is also used as a fixative for textile dyes, auxiliary in some dyeing processes, as a metal extraction and flotation aid, as an antioxidant in fatty acids and soaps, and as a color stabilizer and emulsion additive in color films.

It is also used in analytic chemistry in the analysis of iron in the water combined with α,α-dipyridyl. The hydroxylammonium chloride transforms all the iron in Fe²⁺, that then forms a coordination complex with the dipyridyl.

References

Fukushima, R.S.; Dehority, B.A.; Loerch, S.C. (1 January 1991). "Modification of a colorimetric analysis for lignin and its use in studying the inhibitory effects of lignin on forage digestion by ruminal microorganisms". J. Anim. Sci. 69 (1): 295–304. doi:10.2527/1991.691295x. PMID 2005024. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008.
Elstner, E.F.; Heupel, A. (February 1976). "Inhibition of nitrite formation from hydroxylammoniumchloride: a simple assay for superoxide dismutase". Anal. Biochem. 70 (2): 616–20. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90488-7. PMID 817618.