Huyan Zhuo

Huyan Zhuo is a fictional character in Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Double Clubs", he ranked eighth among the 36 Heavenly Spirits (天罡), the first third of the 108 Stars of Destiny.

Huyan Zhuo
Water Margin character
An illustration of Huyan Zhuo by Chen Hongshou
First appearance	Chapter 54
Nickname	"Double Clubs" 雙鞭
Rank	8th, "Heavenly Force Star" (天威星) of the 36 Heavenly Spirits
Rear General of the Five Tiger Generals of Liangshan
Origin	Imperial general
Ancestral home / Place of origin	Taiyuan, Shanxi
Weapon	Pair of steel clubs
Names
Simplified Chinese	呼延灼
Traditional Chinese	呼延灼
Pinyin	Hūyán Zhuó
Wade–Giles	Hu-yen Cho

In this Chinese name, the family name is Huyan.

Background

Huyan Zhuo was descended from Huyan Zan, a general in the early years of the Song dynasty famous for guarding the northern frontier from Liao. Like his ancestor, Huyan Zhuo was a brave and smart warrior in the Song imperial army. His weapon was a pair of hefty steel clubs, which earned him the nickname "Double Clubs". In battles he flies a black war flag and rides a black stallion, a gift from Emperor Huizong.

Chain-linked armoured cavalry formation

Huyan Zhuo's name was brought up when the Song imperial court discussed how to quell the outlaws of Liangshan Marsh after they defeated and killed Gao Lian, the prefect of Gaotangzhou. Grand Marshal Gao Qiu, who was the cousin of Gao Lian, recommended Huyan to Emperor Huizong, saying he is the man for the job. Huyan is summoned from his military post at Running Commandery (present-day Runan County, Henan) to the imperial capital Dongjing (東京; present-day Kaifeng, Henan). The emperor appoints him the chief commander of the mission, with Han Tao and Peng Qi as his lieutenants. He also received a black brawny stallion from the emperor.

In his first encounter with Liangshan, Huyan Zhuo lost Peng Qi, who was captured by Hu Sanniang and won over by Song Jiang. Huyan then sent out his special cavalry consisting of groups of armour-clad horses linked by iron chains. The combined might of the horses charging forward overwhelms the force of Liangshan. Song Jiang and his men holed themselves up, protected by the marsh, to work out how to beat the cavalry. Meanwhile, Huyan requested the court to send Ling Zhen, an artillery officer and cannon maker, over to shell Liangshan. Ling's cannons hit the far shores of the marsh, striking fear among the outlaws. Liangshan then sent some of its best swimmers to lure Ling into the marsh and seized him. Ling too joins Liangshan, having succumbed to Song Jiang's warm treatment.

Tang Long suggested to Song Jiang that his cousin Xu Ning, a infantry lance instructor in Dongjing, could annihilate Huyan's cavalry. After Shi Qian stole an impenetrable armour of Xu, a precious ancestral heirloom, Tang tricked the instructor to pursue the elusive thief until he came to the vicinity of Liangshan and was drugged. Finding himself trapped, Xu also became a chieftain. He trained some of Liangshan's foot soldiers (infantry) in the use of the hooked lance. The weapon toppled Huyan's cavalry, causing his army to collapse. Han Tao also defected after being captured.

Battle of Qingzhou

Defeated by Liangshan, Huyan Zhuo dared not return to Dongjing. He headed to Qingzhou (in present-day Shandong) alone, hoping to redeem himself under the local governor Murong Yanda. The outlaws from Mount Peach Blossom stole his horse from the stable when he put it up in an inn. Reaching Qingzhou (or Qing prefecture, 青州), he gets Murong's approval to attack Mount Peach Blossom, whose chieftains are Li Zhong and Zhou Tong. Murong also expected him to stamp out the other outlaws of Mount White Tiger and Mount Twin Dragons. Twin Dragons‘ Lu Zhishen, Yang Zhi and Wu Song are formidable fighters, but the other two strongholds were easily beaten. Huyan even captured Kong Ming of Mount White Tiger.

Finding Huyan Zhuo a tough opponent, the three strongholds turned to Liangshan Marsh for help. Huyan hence face offed four bands. Finally Song Jiang lured him into an ambush and captured him. Song again exercised his charm and wins the heart of the general. Huyan then tricked Murong Yanda to open the gate of Qingzhou. After Qin Ming cut down the governor, the outlaws plundered the city.

Life at Liangshan

A stone statue of Huyan Zhuo at Hengdian World Studios.

The Song court sent Guan Sheng on a mission to wipe out Liangshan. Huyan Zhuo comes to Guan's camp claiming that he has reluctantly joined the bandits and now wants to clear his name. He duped Guan to launch a night raid on Song Jiang's camp. Guan is trapped and pulled down his horse. He also defected, swayed by Song's averment that Liangshan is composed of reluctant rebels.

Campaigns and death

Huyan Zhuo is appointed as one of the Five Tiger Generals of the Liangshan cavalry after the 108 Stars of Destiny came together in what was called the Grand Assembly. He participated in the campaigns against the Liao invaders and rebel forces in Song territory following amnesty from Emperor Huizong for Liangshan.

Huyan Zhuo survived the series of campaigns. He is restored to his former position of general. Years later, he died in a battle fighting the Jurchen invaders. Northern China was conquered by the Jurchens in early twelfth century, who set up the Jin dynasty, driving the Song court to rule only southern China. Huyan's death in the hands of Wuzhu, a Jurchen prince, is portrayed in the novel General Yue Fei.

References

• Buck, Pearl S. (2006). All Men are Brothers. Moyer Bell. ISBN 9781559213035.
• Miyazaki, Ichisada (1993). Suikoden: Kyoko no naka no Shijitsu (in Japanese). Chuo Koronsha. ISBN 978-4122020559.
• Keffer, David. "Outlaws of the Marsh: A Somewhat Less Than Critical Commentary". Poison Pie Publishing House. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
• Li, Mengxia (1992). 108 Heroes from the Water Margin (in Chinese). EPB Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 9971-0-0252-3.
• Miyamoto, Yoko (2011). "Water Margin: Chinese Robin Hood and His Bandits". Demystifying Confucianism. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
• Shibusawa, Kou (1989), Bandit Kings of Ancient China, Koei, p. 91
• Zhang, Lin Ching (2009). Biographies of Characters in Water Margin. Writers Publishing House. ISBN 978-7506344784.