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Lower house of the parliament of Myanmar From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Pyithu Hluttaw (Burmese: ပြည်သူ့ လွှတ်တော်, pronounced [pjìðṵ l̥ʊʔtɔ̀]; House of Representatives) is the de jure lower house of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the bicameral legislature of Myanmar (Burma). It consists of 440 members, of which 330 are directly elected through the first-past-the-post system in each townships (the third-level administrative divisions of Myanmar), and 110 are appointed by the Myanmar Armed Forces, under a constitutional provision that has no parallel in the world.
House of Representatives ‹See Tfd›ပြည်သူ့ လွှတ်တော် Pyithu Hluttaw | |
|---|---|
| |
| Type | |
| Type | of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw |
| History | |
| Founded | 31 January 2011 |
| Preceded by | People's Assembly (1974–1988) |
| Leadership | |
Deputy Speaker | Vacant since 31 January 2021 |
| Seats | 440 MPs |
| Elections | |
Last Pyithu Hluttaw election | 8 November 2020 (annulled) |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Complex, Naypyidaw | |
| Website | |
| www | |
After the 2010 general election, Thura Shwe Mann was elected as the first Speaker of House of Representatives. The last elections to the Pyithu Hluttaw were held in November 2015.[2] At its first meeting on 1 February 2016, Win Myint and T Khun Myat were elected as Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw.[3]
As of 8 November 2015, 90% of the members are men (389 members) and 10% are women (44 members).[4]
After the coup d'état on 1 February 2021, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw was dissolved by Acting President Myint Swe, who declared a one-year state of emergency and transferred all legislative powers to Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Min Aung Hlaing.[5]
| House of Representatives elections, 2015 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |||
| NLD | 255 |  218 |
57.95 | ||||||
| USDP | 30 |  182 |
6.82 | ||||||
| ANP | 12 | 4 |
2.73 | ||||||
| SNLD | 12 | 12 |
2.73 | ||||||
| PNO | 3 |  |
0.68 | ||||||
| TNP | 3 | 1 |
0.68 | ||||||
| LNDP | 2 | 2 |
0.45 | ||||||
| ZCD | 2 | 2 |
0.45 | ||||||
| KSDP | 1 | |
0.23 | ||||||
| KDUP | 1 | |
0.23 | ||||||
| WDP | 1 | 1 |
0.23 | ||||||
| Independent | 1 | 1 |
0.23 | ||||||
| Cancelled due to insurgency[6] | 7 | 1.59 | |||||||
| Military appointees | 110 | |
25.00 | – | – | 0 | |||
| Total | 440 | 100 | 100 | ||||||
| Pyithu Hluttaw elections, 2010 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |||
| USDP | 259 | 58.86 | 56.76 | 11,858,125 | |||||
| SNDP | 18 | 4.09 | 2.44 | 508,780 | |||||
| NUP | 12 | 2.73 | 19.44 | 4,060,802 | |||||
| RNDP | 9 | 2.05 | 2.87 | 599,008 | |||||
| NDF | 8 | 1.82 | 7.10 | 1,483,329 | |||||
| AMRDP | 3 | 0.68 | 0.80 | 167,928 | |||||
| PNO | 3 | 0.68 | |||||||
| CNP | 2 | 0.45 | 0.17 | 36,098 | |||||
| CPP | 2 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 76,463 | |||||
| PSDP | 2 | 0.45 | 0.39 | 82,038 | |||||
| WDP | 2 | 0.45 | 0.13 | 27,546 | |||||
| Others | 10 | 2.29 | 9.54 | 1,992,590 | |||||
| Military appointees | 110 | 110 |
25.00 | – | – | ||||
| Total | 440 | 100 | 100 | 20,892,707 | |||||
| Pyithu Hluttaw by-election, 2012 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |||
| USDP | 212 | 47 |
48.18 | ||||||
| NLD | 37 | 37 |
8.41 | ||||||
| SNDP | 18 | 4.09 | |||||||
| NUP | 12 | 2.73 | |||||||
| RNDP | 9 | 2.05 | |||||||
| NDF | 8 | 1.82 | |||||||
| AMRDP | 3 | 0.68 | |||||||
| PNO | 3 | 0.68 | |||||||
| CNP | 2 | 0.45 | |||||||
| CPP | 2 | 0.45 | |||||||
| PSDP | 2 | 0.45 | |||||||
| WDP | 2 | 0.45 | |||||||
| Others | 10 | 2.28 | |||||||
| Military appointees | 110 | 25.00 | – | – | |||||
| Vacant | 10 | 10 |
2.28 | ||||||
| Total | 440 | 100 | 100 | ||||||
| Party | Region | State | Territory | Total seats by party | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ayeyarwady | Bago | Magway | Mandalay | Sagaing | Tanintharyi | Yangon | Chin | Kachin | Kayah | Kayin | Mon | Rakhine | Shan1 | Naypyidaw | ||
| Union Solidarity and Development Party | 20 | 21 | 18 | 25 | 31 | 8 | 31 | 5 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 23 | 1 | 221 |
| National League for Democracy | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | 4 | 37 |
| Shan Nationalities League for Democracy | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 17 | – | 18 |
| National Unity Party | 1 | 3 | 1 | – | 3 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | 2 | – | 12 |
| National Democratic Force | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 |
| Rakhine Nationalities Development Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | – | – | 9 |
| All Mon Region Democracy Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | – | – | – | 3 |
| Pa-O National Organisation | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | – | 3 |
| Chin National Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 |
| Chin Progressive Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 |
| Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | 2 |
| Wa Democratic Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | – | 2 |
| Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
| Kayin People's Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 |
| Inn National Development Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| Taaung (Palaung) National Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| Other Parties and Independents | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 2 |
| Total seats | 26 | 28 | 25 | 31 | 37 | 10 | 45 | 9 | 17 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 51 | 5 | 325 |
Notes:
| Pyithu Hluttaw seats elected by Regions and States (November 2015) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region/State | NLD | USDP | ANP | SNLD | TNP | PNO | ZCD | KSDP | KDUP | LNDP | WDP | Independent | Total |
| Kachin State | 12 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 18 | ||||||||
| Kayah State | 6 | 1 | 7 | ||||||||||
| Kayin State | 6 | 1 | 7 | ||||||||||
| Chin State | 7 | 2 | 9 | ||||||||||
| Mon State | 9 | 1 | 10 | ||||||||||
| Rakhine State | 4 | 1 | 12 | 17 | |||||||||
| Shan State | 12 | 15 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | ||||
| Sagaing Region | 36 | 1 | 37 | ||||||||||
| Tanintharyi Region | 10 | 10 | |||||||||||
| Bago Region | 27 | 1 | 28 | ||||||||||
| Magway Region | 25 | 25 | |||||||||||
| Mandalay Region | 27 | 4 | 31 | ||||||||||
| Yangon Region | 44 | 1 | 45 | ||||||||||
| Ayeyarwady Region | 25 | 1 | 26 | ||||||||||
| Naypyidaw Territory | 4 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Total | 255 | 30 | 12 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 323 |
Note: Result as of 20 Nov 2015. Elections in seven townships of Shan State were cancelled due to armed conflicts. Military appointed were not included in this table.[10][11]
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