House of Kęsgaila

The Kęsgaila family (pl. Kęsgailos) was a Lithuanian noble family, one of the largest landowners in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.^[1] The family descended from the land of Deltuva [lt] and its roots trace to the 14th century (a semi-legendary Buseika (Lithuanian sources: Buška, Polish sources: Buszka) is considered the ancestor of the family).^[1] Their seat was in the Samogitia and Trakai regions.^[1] Kęsgailos family members had been the Elders of Samogitia from 1412 until 1532.^[1]

Zadora coat of arms, the coat of arms of the family

According to the 1528 census of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the family had to provide the most troops in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.^[2] The family died out in the 16th century, the last member of the family was Stanislovas, a close friend of Grand Duke Sigismund II Augustus and supporter of his marriage with Barbara Radziwiłł.^[1]

Name

The name Kęsgaila comes from the native first name of Mykolas Kęsgaila (son of Valimantas, son of Bushka) whose elder brother Jaunutis son of Valimantas was granted the Zadora coat of arms in the Union of Horodło of 1413. In line with the common practice for nobles' names after the Christianization of Lithuania, after his baptism, the Christian name *Mīkālas (Michael) was added to a pagan Lithuanian name, which can be reconstructed as *Kensgaĭla (from kęsti ("be patient") and gailas ("strong")). His son Jonas Kęsgailaitis, mentioned in written sources in Latin as Johannes Kyensgalowicz,^[3] was a bearer of the name as a patronymic, which subsequently evolved into a family name. Its Polonized form Kieżgajło is most common in Polish historiography over other variants, such as Kezigal, Kieżgajłła, Gezgajło, Kiezgajło, Kieżgajłło, Kierżgajłło, Kieżgałło and Kieżgało. Kęsgaila (plural Kęsgailos) is a modern Lithuanian spelling of the original family name.

Family tree

Family is presented based on Rimvydas Petrauskas.^[4]

Family of House of Kęsgaila

Buškys or Buseika Valimantas Rumbaudas Died in 1432 Grand Marshal of Lithuania Kęsgaila Died c. 1449 Elder of Samogitia Jaunius Died in 1432 Voivode of Trakai Gudiginas Šedbaras Died in 1432? Starosta of Kaunas Sudovijus Died in 1459 Starosta of Kaunas Mykolas Konradas Gudigirdaitis (had issue) Zaviša Gudigirdaitis (had issue) Stankus Died before 1481 Starosta of Hrodna NN daughter Wife of Jonas Vėževičius Mykolas Kęsgaila Died in 1476 Grand Chancellor of Lithuania Jonas Kęsgaila Died in 1485 Elder of Samogitia Petras Kęsgaila Dobka Kęsgaila Died c. 1460 Butrimas Kęsgaila Died before 1445 Dorota Wife of Jonas Goštautas Milochna Wife of Petras Gedgaudas NN daughter Wife of Ivan Ilinicz [lt] Mykolas Kęsgaila Died in 1512 Grand Marshal of Lithuania Stanislovas Kęsgaila Died in 1527 Elder of Samogitia Helena Wife of Jurgis Mantautaitis NN daughter Wife of Ivan Jurscha Anna? Mykolas Kęsgaila Died in 1523 Jonas Kęsgaila Stanislovas Kęsgaila Died in 1532 Elder of Samogitia Barbora Wife of Jan Janowicz Zabrzeziński Stanislovas Kęsgaila Died in 1554 Last male heir[dubious – discuss]