Hormozgan province

Hormozgan province (Persian: استان هرمزگان)^[a] is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Bandar Abbas.^[4]

Hormozgan province Persian: استان هرمزگان
Province
Map of Iran with Hormozgan province highlighted
Coordinates: 27°06′N 56°00′E[1]
Country	Iran
Region	Region 2
Capital	Bandar Abbas
Counties	13
Government
• Governor-general	Mohammad Ashouri Taziani (Independent)
Area
• Total	70,697 km2 (27,296 sq mi)
Population  (2016)[2]
• Total	1,776,415
• Density	25/km2 (65/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+3:30 (IRST)
ISO 3166 code	IR-22
Main language(s)	Mostly Southwestern Iranian varieties like Garmsiri, a minority speaks Balochi and Gulf Arabic
HDI (2017)	0.768[3] high · 25th

Bandar Abbas International Airport

Kish International Airport

The province is in the south of the country, in Iran's Region 2.^[5] facing Oman, the United Arab Emirates and the Hormuz Straits. Its area is 70,697 km² (27,296 sq mi),^[6] The province has 14 islands in the Persian Gulf and 1,000 km (620 mi) of coastline.

History

Although Hormozgan is known to have been settled during the Achaemenid era when Nearchus passed through the region, recorded history of the main port of Hormozgan (Bandar‑e Hormoz) begins with Ardashir I of Persia of the Sassanid empire.

The province is said to have been particularly prosperous between 241 BC and 211 BC, but grew even further in trade and commercial significance with the beginning of the Islamic era.

Marco Polo visited the port of Bandar Abbas in 1272 and 1293. He reported widespread trading in Persian jewelry, ivory and silk of Indochina, and pearls from Bahrain in the bazaars of the port of Hormuz.

In 1497 Europeans landed in the region for the first time, headed by Vasco da Gama. In 1508 the Portuguese, led by Afonso de Albuquerque invaded the area with seven warships, under the pretext of protecting their interests from Egypt and Venice. The port of Hormuz at the time was considered strategically positioned for commercial interests in the Persian Gulf.

Ismail I who was trying to counter the Ottoman Empire to the west, was unable to save the port from the Portuguese, until Shah Abbas I was finally able to drive them out of the Persian Gulf with the aid of the British. The name of Bandar Abbas comes directly from the name of Shah Abbas I.

The British, meanwhile, were competing for influence in the region with Dutch colonialists, who invaded Qeshm Island and dispatched warships to Bandar Abbas during the final years of Shah Abbas' reign. The Persian government was unable to defend itself against this attack. However, with the souring of British and Dutch relations, military tensions grew in the region. The Dutch finally resorted to moving their base up to Kharg Island.

The Amir of Kharg, Mir Mahna Baloch and Mir Hammal Kalmati with Baloch army defeated the Europeans from Bander Abbas till Karachi,^[7][8] so with the Dutch and other forces at Kharg, the British were firmly in charge of the entire region. Soon Britain took control over the entire Persian Gulf via the British East India Company. The British adopted policy encouraging local autonomy throughout the Persian Gulf to in order to prevent a formidable unified force from threatening their establishments in the gulf.

The strategic importance of the Persian Gulf further increased after World War I with the discovery of oil in the region.

Demographics

Languages

Hormozgan is dominated by a variety of Persian language. Northwest Iranian Balochi is present as well. Arabic, a Semetic language, and Kholosi, an Indic language, are also found among a minority of speakers within the province.

Hormozgan Linguistic Composition[9] language percent Bandari Persian   59.25% New Persian   12.26% Larestani Persian   8.72% Balochi   7.31% Arabic   2.00% Bashkardi Persian   1.63% Fars Group (Persian)   1.55% Other, Unknown, mixed   7.27%

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 1,365,377 people in 303,323 households.^[10] There were 1,578,183 inhabitants in 396,927 households at the following census of 2011.^[11] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 1,776,415 in 493,660 households.^[2]

Administrative divisions

The population history and structural changes of Hormozgan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Hormozgan province

Counties	2006[10]	2011[11]	2016[2]
Abumusa	1,860	5,263	7,402
Bandar Abbas	498,644	588,288	680,366
Bandar Lengeh	113,625	134,713	159,358
Bashagard[b]	—	40,007	35,085
Bastak	65,716	80,119	80,492
Hajjiabad	62,442	65,889	69,625
Jask	75,769	52,882	58,884
Khamir	47,545	52,968	56,148
Minab	254,304	235,705	259,221
Parsian	37,369	42,843	50,596
Qeshm	103,881	117,774	148,993
Rudan	104,222	118,547	124,522
Sirik[c]	—	43,185	45,723
Total	1,365,377	1,578,183	1,776,415

Cities

According to the 2016 census, 976,652 people (nearly 55% of the population of Hormozgan province) live in the following cities:^[2]

City	Population
Abu Musa	4,213
Bandar Abbas	526,648
Bandar Charak	4,066
Bandar Khamir	20,150
Bandar Lengeh	30,435
Bastak	9,959
Bika	7,190
Dargahan	14,525
Dashti	4,695
Fareghan	1,773
Fin	3,939
Garuk	4,008
Gowharan	1,170
Hajjiabad	28,977
Hasht Bandi	6,718
Hormuz	5,891
Jask	16,860
Jenah	6,910
Kish	39,853
Kong	19,213
Kuhestak	3,060
Kushk-e Nar	3,260
Lamazan	2,745
Minab	73,170
Parsian	18,045
Qaleh Qazi	5,286
Qeshm	40,678
Rudan	36,121
Ruydar	6,558
Sardasht	1,725
Sar-e Gaz-e Ahmadi	1,157
Senderk	1,915
Sirik	5,137
Suza	5,707
Takht	3,082
Tazian-e Pain	4,263
Tirur	4,871
Ziarat-e Ali	2,679

Most populous cities

The following table lists the most populous cities in Hormozgan:^[2]

Rank	City	County	Population
1	Bandar Abbas	Bandar Abbas	526,648
2	Minab	Minab	73,170
3	Qeshm	Qeshm	40,678
4	Kish	Bandar Lengeh	39,853
5	Rudan	Rudan	36,121
6	Bandar Lengeh	Bandar Lengeh	30,435
7	Hajjiabad	Hajjiabad	28,977
8	Kong	Bandar Lengeh	19,213
9	Parsian	Parsian	18,045
10	Jask	Jask	16,860

Geography and climate

The province is primarily mountainous, consisting of the southern tip of the Zagros Range. The province experiences a very hot and humid climate, with temperatures sometimes exceeding 120 °F (49 °C) in summers. There is very little precipitation year-round.

Hormozgan today

Hormozgan today has 11 ports, five national airports, and three international airports. The province has an active agriculture sector, ranking first in Iran in lime production and second in date production. 30% of Iran's fishery produce comes from this province. Three major hydro dams serve the water needs of the province – Esteghlal Dam (i.e., Minab Dam, which supplies major part of consuming water of the Bandar Abbas), Jegin Dam, and Shemil Dam.

Germany has recently^[when?] offered to build a bridge that would connect Qeshm island to the mainland, a formidable project.

Hormozgan has two free trade zones, one in Kish, the other on Qeshm island. Kish Island, situated in a free-trade zone, is home of the Iranian oil bourse (one of five exchanges of its kind in the world, and the only one explicitly not trading oil and derivatives in U.S. dollars).

Attractions

The Fort of Our Lady of the Conception, Hormoz Island, Iran

The Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran lists 212 sites of historical and cultural significance in the province. Some of the more popular attractions are:

• Emarat-e Kolah Farangi (built by and during the Dutch occupation)
• Berkeh haye Baran (six traditional water reservoirs)
• Gele-dari traditional bath
• The Hindu temple
• Latidan Bridge, built during the era of Shah Abbas I
• Fekri House
• Sa'di House
• Fort of Our Lady of the Conception in Hormoz island
• Qeshm Island
• Hara marine forests
• Kish Island, the most popular tourist resort in southern Iran in the Persian Gulf
• Geno UNESCO natural biosphere reserve
• Hara UNESCO natural biosphere reserve
• Various hot water springs

Colleges and universities

• Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences
• University of Hormozgan
• Qeshm Institute of Higher Education
• Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas
• Payame Noor University of Hormozgan
• Islamic Azad University of Roudan Archived 2017-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
• Kish University

See also

• Bandar Abbas
• Bastak
• Khayyam gas field
• Kookherd
• Maghoh
• Mir-Mahna (video game)
• Morbagh
• Ormus
• Ifra Hormizd
• The Historic Bath of Siba – An ancient bath house that is believed dated back to the Sassanid dynasty.

Media related to Hormozgan Province at Wikimedia Commons

Notes

1. Also romanized as Ostān-e Hormozgān
2. Separated from Jask County after the 2006 census^[12]
3. Separated from Minab County after the 2006 census^[13]

References

1. OpenStreetMap contributors (16 November 2024). "Hormozgan Province" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
2. Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Hormozgan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
3. "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
4. Habibi, Hassan (c. 2022) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of elements and units of Hormozgan province's national divisions centered in Bandar Abbas city. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Proposal 53/5/1/3233; Resolution 93808/T907. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2024 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
5. "همشهری آنلاین-استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions)". Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014 [1 Tir 1393, Jalaali]. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
6. SCI.org^{[permanent dead link‍]}
7. Sykes, Jim (2023). Sounding the Indian Ocean. University of California Press. p. 124. ISBN 9780520393196.
8. Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (19 March 2024). Across the Green Sea: Histories from the Western Indian Ocean, 1440-1640. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1477328798.
9. "Language distribution: Hormozgan Province". 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
10. Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Hormozgan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
11. Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Hormozgan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
12. Davodi, Parviz (c. 2023) [Approved 28 July 1387]. Divisional changes and reforms in Hormozgan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 1/4/42/91511. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
13. Davodi, Parviz (14 April 2018) [Approved 18 September 1386]. Approval letter regarding the reforms of national divisions in Hormozgan province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission. Proposal 93023/42/4/1; Letter 58538/T26118H; Notification 158927/T38028K. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Further reading

• Afshar Sistani, Iraj, Shenakht-e ostan-e Hormozgan, Tehran 2000
• Barbera, Gerardo, "Hormozgan: Situação linguística e aspectos culturais", Âyiné. International Journal of Islamic Societies and Cultures, 1, 2013, pp. 130–147

External links

• Official website of Hormozgan Governorship Archived 14 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
• Hormozgan Cultural Heritage Organization
• Hara UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
• Geno UNESCO Biosphere Reserve