Romanian opera singer (1860–1939) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hariclea Darclée (née Haricli; later Hartulari; 10 June 1860 – 12 January 1939) was a celebrated Romanian operatic spinto soprano of Greek descent who had a three-decade-long career.[2][3][4]
Puccini reportedly considered her to have been "the most beautiful and exquisite Manon".[5]Enciclopedia dello Spettacolo, regarded as the most comprehensive international performing arts encyclopedia, named Darclée "world's greatest singer for 25 years".[3][6] Darclée was considered the equivalent, in the opera world, of Sarah Bernhardt.[7]
Darclée was born Hariclea Haricli in Brăila to a family with Greek roots. Her father, Ion Haricli, was a landlord in Teleorman County. Her mother, Maria Aslan, was a relative of the noble Mavrocordatos family. The family lived for a while in the town of Turnu Măgurele in southern Romania. She began her studies at Conservatoire of music in Iași, making her professional appearances as a concert performer in 1884.[8]
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She continued her studies in Paris under Jean-Baptiste Faure. She married a young officer, Iorgu Hartulari, and became known for a while as Hariclea Hartulari-Darclée, Darclée being the nom de théâtre she adopted when she made her debut at the Paris Opéra in 1888 as Marguerite in Charles Gounod's Faust. In 1889, she replaced Adelina Patti as Juliette in Gounod's Roméo et Juliette, to increasing acclaim.
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Darclée's son was composer Ion Hartulari-Darclée[ro] (1886–1969), who was known particularly as a writer of operettas. Both she and her son are interred in Bucharest's Bellu Cemetery.
The 1961 Romanian film Darclee, directed by Mihai Iacob and starring Silvia Popovici[ro], is based on her life story.
Started in 1995, the Hariclea Darclée Festival and International Voice Competition is held every two years in Brăila.[9]
Hariclea Darclée sang 58 roles on 56 operas (32 operas of tradition, 12 in absolute première, and 16 operas in important premières) by 31 composers (12 composers of the tradition and 19 young composers with new operas interpreted in absolute première); this artist occupies a singular position in the universal history of the opera:[citation needed]
Alberto FranchettiCristoforo Colombo (Isabella di Aragona, Ikuamota) – opera composed for her voice and interpreted in prima assoluta at Genoa, on 6 October 1892.
Mikhail GlinkaIvan Susanin (Vania) – opera interpreted in première for France, at Nice in 1890.
Antônio Carlos GomesCondor (Odalea) – opera composed for her voice and interpreted in prima assoluta at Teatro alla Scala of Milan on 21 February 1891;
Ruggero Leoncavallo Pagliacci (Nedda) – opera interpreted in première for Romania at Bucharest National Theatre in 1903.
Ruggero LeoncavalloZaza (Zaza).
Luigi MancinelliEro e Leandro (Ero) – opera composed for her voice and interpreted in prima assoluta at Madrid, in 1897.
Pietro MascagniCavalleria rusticana (Santuzza) – opera interpreted in première for Romania at Bucharest National Theatre in 1891.
Pietro MascagniL’amico Fritz (Suzel) – opera interpreted in première for Teatro Della Pergole of Florence in 1891 and for Bucharest National Theatre in 1910.
Pietro MascagniIris (Iris) – opera composed for her voice and interpreted in prima assoluta at Teatro dell’Opera of Rome, on 22 January 1898, in première for Teatro alla Scala di Milano on 19 January 1899 and in première for Bucharest National Theatre in 1908.
Pietro MascagniI Rantzau (Luisa) – opera composed for her voice and interpreted in prima assoluta at Teatro delle Pergole of Florence on 10 November 1892 and in première for Teatro dell’Opera of Rome on 26 November 1892.
Jules MassenetLe Cid (Chimène) – the debut in Italy and the première for Teatro alla Scala of Milan on 26 December 1890.
Giovanni PaciniSaffo (Saffo) – première for Teatro dell’Opera of Rome on 28 October 1911.
Ubaldo PacchierottiEidelberga mia (Catina) – opera composed for her voice and interpreted in prima assoluta at Teatro Colón of Buenos Aires in 1909;
Ettore PanizzaAurora (Aurora) – opera composed for her voice and interpreted in prima assoluta at Teatro Colón of Buenos Aires in 1909.
Giacomo PucciniManon Lescaut (Manon Lescaut) – opera composed for her voice and interpreted in première for Teatro alla Scala of Milan on 27 March 1897.
Giacomo PucciniLa Bohème (Mimì) – opera interpreted in première for America at Teatro Colón of Buenos Aires in 1896 and in première for Romania at Bucharest National Theatre on 15 January 1903.
Giacomo PucciniTosca (Floria Tosca) – opera composed for her voice; the soprano's aria was requested to Puccini by Hariclea Darclée suggesting the principal musicals elements, too; the opera was interpreted in prima assoluta at Teatro dell’Opera of Rome on 14 January 1900 and in première at Teatro Regio of Turin on 20 February 1900, Teatro alla Scala of Milan on 17 March 1900, Lisbon on 19 January 1901, Bucharest National Theatre on 18 January 1902 and Monte-Carlo Opera on 28 March 1903.
Richard WagnerTannhäuser (Elisabeth) – première for Italy at Teatro alla Scala of Milan on 29 December 1891 and for Teatro Colón of Buenos Aires in 1897.[citation needed]
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