Haplogroup C-B477

Haplogroup C-B477, also known as Haplogroup C1b2, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two primary branches of Haplogroup C1b, one of the descendants of Haplogroup C1. Previously, this haplogroup was called C4 (C-M347).

Haplogroup C-B477
Possible place of origin	Sahul Shelf
Ancestor	（Grandparent）C1
Descendants	C1b2a-M38 C1b2b-M347
Defining mutations	B477
Highest frequencies	Papuan people, Indigenous Australians, Melanesian people, Polynesian people

It is distributed in high frequency in Indigenous Australians, Papuan people, Melanesian people, and Polynesian people.

Subgroups

• C1b2（C-B477）
  • C1b2a（C-M38）Papuan people and other Oceanians
  • C1b2b（C-M347）Indigenous Australians^[1]

Frequency

C-M38

• Lani 100%,^[2]
• Dani 92%,^[2]
• Cook Islands 78%^[3]-82%,^[2]
• Samoa 62%^[3]-72%,^[4]
• Tahiti 64%,^[4]
• Sumba 57%,^[4]
• Maori 43%,^[5]
• Tonga 34%,^[3][4]
• Futuna 30%,^[3]
• Maewo 23%,^[4]
• Maluku Islands 15%^[2]-28%,^[4]
• Fiji 22%,^[3]
• Asmat people 20%,^[2]
• Coastal New Guinea 14%^[4]-23%,^[2]
• Flores 17%,^[4]
• Tuvalu 17%,^[3]
• Tolai 12.5%^[2]-21%,^[3]
• Lesser Sunda Islands 16%,^[2]
• Admiralty Islands 16%,^[3]
• West Sulawesi 12.5%^[4]

C-M347

• Indigenous Australians 60.2%^[6]-68.7%^[7]

Migration history

Migration of Haplogroup C (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup C-B477 took a southern route after the Out of Africa through the Indian subcontinent to the Sahul Shelf.^[8] C-M38 was born 49,600 years before present around New Guinea.^[9]