Southern Loloish languages

Sino-Tibetan language group From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Southern Loloish or Southern Ngwi languages, also known as the Hanoish or Hanish languages, constitute a branch of the Loloish languages that includes Akha and Hani.

Quick Facts Geographic distribution, Linguistic classification ...
Southern Loloish
Hanoish
Geographic
distribution
South China and Indochina
Linguistic classificationSino-Tibetan
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottologhani1249
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Languages

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Perspective

The branches included in Lama (2012), with languages from Bradley (2007), are:

Hanoish

Hanoid in Lama (2012) is alternatively called Akoid in Bradley (2007), who recognizes the Hani-Akha and Haoni-Baihong languages as part of the Akoid group.

Other Southern Loloish languages are:

  • Muda
  • Paza (Phusang), a recently discovered language of northern Laos related to Sila[1]
  • Bana or Bala[2] in Laos. Speakers are included in the Kaw (Akha) ethnic group. The language is now being replaced by other larger languages such as Akha and Lahu.
  • Suobi 梭比, spoken in Yinyuan Township 因远镇, Yuanjiang County
  • Nuobi 糯比, closely related to Suobi
  • Cosao, a Southern Loloish language closely related to Khir
  • Yiche 奕车, spoken in Honghe County

Kato (2008) also documents:

Other Southern Loloish language varieties in south-central Yunnan include Bukong 布孔, Budu 布都,[3] Asuo 阿梭, Duota 堕塔,[4] Amu 阿木, Lami 腊米, Qiedi 切弟, Kabie 卡别,[5] Woni 窝尼, Duoni 多尼, and Habei 哈备. Habei is unclassified within Southern Loloish.

Hsiu (2016, 2018)

A 2016 computational phylogenetic lexical analysis by Hsiu (2016)[6] distinguished the following five branches of Southern Loloish, providing further support for the Hanoid (Akoid) and Bisoid branches in Lama (2012) and Bradley (2007). A new Siloid branch was added.

  1. Hanoid
  2. Bisoid
  3. Siloid
  4. Bi-Ka (?)
  5. Jinuo

The Southern Loloish tree above was subsequently revised by Hsiu (2018)[7] as follows, with 6 subgroups included.

Hsiu (2018) considers the Hani-Akha and Bi-Ka subgroups to be part of a northern linkage in south-central Yunnan, while the Siloid, Bisoid, Jino, and Mpi subgroups are part of a southern linkage in the China-Laos border region.[7]

Innovations

Lama (2012) lists the following changes from Proto-Loloish as Hanoish innovations.

  • *m- → zero /__[u] (Hani and Haoni)
  • *kh- > x- (Hani and Haoni)
  • *N- > NC or C (nasal hardening rule in Bisu and Sangkong)
  • Reversed order of syllables (family-wide)

References

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