Haidian, Beijing

For other places called Haidian, see Haidian.

Haidian (Chinese: 海淀区; pinyin: Hǎidiàn Qū) is an urban district of the city of Beijing, China, mostly in northwestern Beijing, bordering Xicheng and Fengtai.

Haidian 海淀区
District
Haidian District
Location of Haidian District in Beijing
Coordinates (Haidian government): 39°57′36″N 116°17′54″E
Country	People's Republic of China
Municipality	Beijing
Township-level divisions	22 subdistricts 5 towns 2 townships
Area
• Total	431 km2 (166 sq mi)
Population  (2020)
• Total	3,133,469 [1]
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	100080
Area code	0010
Website	bjhd.gov.cn

It is 431 square km in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 3,133,469 inhabitants as of November 2020.^[2]

Administrative division

The administrative division of the district was reported as follows:

• 22 subdistricts of the city proper of Beijing
• 7 towns of which carry the "area" (地区) label:^[a]

Name	Chinese (S)	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2020)[3]	Area (km2)
Wanshou Road Subdistrict	万寿路街道	Wànshòulù Jiēdào	121,453	8.90
Yongding Road Subdistrict	永定路街道	Yǒngdìnglu Jiēdào	90,879	0.70
Yangfangdian Subdistrict	羊坊店街道	Yángfāngdiàn Jiēdào	120,302	6.61
Ganjiakou Subdistrict	甘家口街道	Gānjiākǒu Jiēdào	117,946	6.50
Balizhuang Subdistrict	八里庄街道	Bālǐzhuāng Jiēdào	133,400	4.40
Zizhuyuan Subdistrict	紫竹院街道	Zǐzhúyuàn Jiēdào	129,367	6.23
Beixiaguan Subdistrict	北下关街道	Běixiàguān Jiēdào	146,366	6.04
Beitaipingzhuang Subdistrict	北太平庄街道	Běitàipíngzhuāng Jiēdào	163,920	5.17
Xueyuan Road Subdistrict	学院路街道	Xuéyuànlù Jiēdào	226,315	8.49
Zhongguancun Subdistrict	中关村街道	Zhōngguāncūn Jiēdào	130,672	6.23
Haidian Subdistrict	海淀街道	Hǎidiàn Jiēdào	123,191	5.00
Qinglongqiao Subdistrict	青龙桥街道	Qīnglóngqiáo Jiēdào	84,221	15.50
Qinghuayuan Subdistrict	清华园街道	Qīnghuáyuán Jiēdào	56,592	2.70
Yanyuan Subdistrict	燕园街道	Yànyuán Jiēdào	29,779	1.84
Xiangshan Subdistrict	香山街道	Xiāngshān Jiēdào	28,535	25.37
Qinghe Subdistrict	清河街道	Qīnghé Jiēdào	147,395	9.37
Huayuan Road Subdistrict	花园路街道	Huāyuánlù Jiēdào	139,362	6.30
Xisanqi Subdistrict	西三旗街道	Xīsānqí Jiēdào	157,642	8.70
Malianwa Subdistrict	马连洼街道	Mǎliánwā Jiēdào	119,022	5.50
Tiancun Road Subdistrict	田村路街道	Tiáncūnlù Jiēdào	108,088	7.70
Shangdi Subdistrict	上地街道	Shàngdì Jiēdào	67,139	9.40
Shuguang Subdistrict	曙光街道	Shǔguāng Jiēdào	86,181	9.61
Wanliu Area (Haidian town)	万柳地区(海淀镇)	Wànliǔ Dìqū (Hǎidiàn Zhèn)	2,022	41.90
Dongsheng (town) Area	东升(镇)地区	Dōngshēng (Zhèn) Dìqū	58,151	45.20
Wenquan (town) Area	温泉(镇)地区	Wēnquán (Zhèn) Dìqū	69,165	33.23
Sijiqing (town) Area	四季青(镇)地区	Sìjìqīng (Zhèn) Dìqū	162,700	40.83
Xibeiwang (town) Area	西北旺(镇)地区	Xīběiwàng (Zhèn) Dìqū	164,795	51.02
Sujiatuo (town) Area	苏家坨(镇)地区	Sūjiātuó (Zhèn) Dìqū	78,235	84.51
Shangzhuang (town) Area	上庄(镇)地区	Shàngzhuāng (Zhèn) Dìqū	71,554	38.45

History

Haidian was originally a village outside of Beijing's Inner City.^[4] It was first built in the Yuan dynasty and became one of the eight major business areas of the capital during the Qing dynasty and was the seat of such old shops as Lotus White, Quanjude and Hongbin House.^[5] The famed Old Summer Palace and Summer Palace, two grand imperial gardens are also among its reputed features. It became a university district after the building of the Tsinghua University and Yenching University campus in the early twentieth century. It is mentioned in Lao She's novel Camel Xiangzi as an academic village for students. After the foundation of the People's Republic, it was deliberately developed as a university area, with many of the Yan'an institutions moving there. It officially became an administrative district in June 1954.^[6] Since the reform and opening up, it has become the centre of China's IT industry. In the words of Time magazine:

Like Paris' Champs Elysées or New York's Broadway, Haidian is a celebration of a national myth: China's ability to change itself and become, once again, great among nations.^[7]

During the later half of the 1990s, out of the Beijing districts, Haidian had the highest per capita GDP. During that period the GDP of Haidian (1) District grew by double digits each year.^[8]

Transportation

The northwestern stretches of the 3rd Ring Road, 4th Ring Road, 5th Ring Road and 6th Ring Road all run through the area.

Metro and light rail

Haidian is currently served by ten metro lines of the Beijing Subway and one light rail line:

•      Line 1 - Yuquanlu, Wukesong, Wanshoulu, Gongzhufen, Military Museum  9 
•      Line 4 - Anheqiao North, Beigongmen, Xiyuan  16 , Yuanmingyuan Park, East Gate of Peking University, Zhongguancun, Haidianhuangzhuang  10 , Renmin University, Weigongcun, National Library  9 
•      Line 6 - Liaogongzhuang, Tiancun, Haidian Wuluju, Cishousi  10 , Huayuanqiao, Baishiqiao South  9 
•      Line 8 - Yuxin, Xixiaokou, Yongtaizhuang
•      Line 9 - National Library  4 , Baishiqiao South  6 , Baiduizi, Military Museum  1 
•      Line 10 - Lianhuaqiao, Gongzhufen  1 , Xidiaoyutai, Cishousi  6 , Chedaogou, Changchunqiao, Huoqiying, Bagou  Xijiao , Suzhoujie, Haidianhuangzhuang  4 , Zhichunli, Zhichunlu  13 , Xitucheng, Mudanyuan  19 , Jiandemen
•      Line 13 - Dazhongsi, Zhichunlu  10 , Wudaokou, Shangdi, Qinghe railway station  Changping , Xi'erqi  Changping 
•      Line 15 - Qinghuadongluxikou, Liudaokou, Beishatan
•      Line 16 - Beianhe, Wenyanglu, Daoxianghulu, Tundian, Yongfeng, Yongfeng South, Xibeiwang, Malianwa, Nongdananlu, Xiyuan  4 , Wanquanheqiao, Suzhouqiao, Wanshousi, Guojia Tushuguan (National Library)  4  9 , Ganjiakou, Yuyuantan Dongmen (Yuyuantan Park East Gate), Muxidi  1 
•      Line 19 - Mudanyuan  10 , Beitaipingzhuang
•      Changping line - Xi'erqi  13 , Qinghe railway station  13 
•      Xijiao line - Fragrant Hills, Botanical Garden, Wan'an, West Gate of Summer Palace, Bagou Station  10 

Suburban Railway

Haidian is served by one commuter line operated by Beijing Suburban Railway (BCR).

•      Huairou–Miyun line - Qinghe railway station

Government and infrastructure

The Haidian District government headquarters

The China National Space Administration has its headquarters in the district.^[9] The Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center which serves as the central command center for the Chinese space program is also located in the district.

Entrance to the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center

The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) has its headquarters in Zhongguancun.^[10]

The People's Liberation Army Military Music Hall is located in the district.^[11]

The Ministry of State Security has a number of major facilities in the district.

Economy

Baidu global headquarters

Lenovo global headquarters

In 2017, the regional GDP was 592.48 billion yuan,^[12] with a GDP per capita at 170.8 thousand yuan (25293 US dollars).

A central part of Haidian's economy, the Zhongguancun electronics district, hosts the Beijing offices of many software and computer-technology companies.

• Baidu has its headquarters in the Baidu Campus.^[13]
• Sohu has its headquarters in the Sohu.com Internet Plaza.^[14][15]
• Sinosteel's headquarters are in the Sinosteel Plaza (中钢国际广场) in Haidian District.^[16]
• Youku has its headquarters on the fifth floor of Sinosteel Plaza.^[17][18]
• Wumart has its headquarters in the Wumart Commercial Building (物美商业大厦; Wù Měi Shāngyè Dàshà) in Haidian District.^[19]
• aigo's head office is in the Ideal Plaza (理想国际大厦) in the Haidian District.^[20]
• China Postal Airlines has its headquarters on the 11th through 14th floors of the Ziyu Office Building (紫玉写字楼) in Haidian District.^[21]
• Sinovac Biotech^[22]
• The Beijing Civil Aircraft Technology Research Center of COMAC (北京民用飞机技术研究中心) has its offices on the 8th floor of the Beijing Olympic Building (北京奥运大厦) in Haidian District.^[23]
• Xiaomi has its headquarters in the Office Building of Huarun Wucai City (华润五彩城写字楼).^[24]
• Nuctech.^[25]
• New Oriental^[26]
• Google has its Beijing office in Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6^[27]
• Everbright International has its Beijing office in the Beijing International Building (北京国际大厦) in Zhongguancun.^[28]
• ByteDance (developer of Douyin / TikTok) has its global headquarters on Zhichun Road (知春路), Haidian District.
• Lenovo has its global headquarters in Lenovo Campus, Haidian District.
• Grab has its Beijing office in Raycom Infotech Park.

Education

Higher education

Peking University

The Beijing Olympic Building, which housed the headquarters of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education

Institutions of higher education in Haidian include:

• Beihang University (formerly Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)
• Beijing Film Academy
• Beijing Foreign Studies University
• Beijing Forestry University
• Beijing Institute of Technology
• Beijing Jiaotong University
• Beijing Language and Culture University
• Beijing Normal University
• Beijing Sport University
• Capital Normal University
• China Agricultural University
• China University of Geosciences Beijing
• China University of Political Science and Law
• Minzu University of China
• Peking University
• Renmin University of China
• Tsinghua University
• University of International Relations
• University of Science and Technology Beijing

Primary and secondary education

Main article: List of schools in Haidian District

The Beijing Municipal Education Commission (北京市教育委员会), the local education authority, has its headquarters in the Beijing Olympic Building.^[29][30]

Institutions of secondary education

• Beijing Bayi School
• Beijing 101 Middle School
• Affiliated High School of Peking University
• The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China
• Tsinghua University High School

Private schools include:

• Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School (elementary through senior high school)^[31]
  • Beijing Haidian International School
• Saint Paul American School

Communities

• Zhongguancun
• Wudaokou
• Madian
• Xinjiangcun (demolished)

Important areas in Haidian District

Aerial view of Yuyuantan Park from the Central Radio & TV Tower

• Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan Park)
• Summer Palace (Yiheyuan)
• Fragrant Hills (Xiangshan or Jingyi Palace)
• Beijing Botanical Garden (Beijing Zhiwuyuan)
• Jade Spring Hill (Yuquanshan or Jingming Palace)
• Haidian Park
• Pagoda at the Wuta Temple
• Purple Bamboo Park (Zizhuyuan)
• Yuyuantan Park
• Diaoyutai State Guesthouse
• Baidu headquarters
• Sohu headquarters
• Sinosteel Plaza
• Youku headquarters
• Haidian Christian Church

Sports

The Chinese Ice Hockey Association, which governs ice hockey and bandy in China, has its offices at 56, Zhongguacun South Street in Haidian District.^[32]

Gallery

Haidian's Technology hubs

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• 
• 
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Climate

Haidian has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwa). The average annual temperature in Haidian is 12.8 °C (55.0 °F). The average annual rainfall is 557.3 mm (21.94 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 26.5 °C (79.7 °F), and lowest in January, at around −3.2 °C (26.2 °F).

Climate data for Haidian District (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	14.2 (57.6)	19.8 (67.6)	28.7 (83.7)	33.1 (91.6)	38.2 (100.8)	40.1 (104.2)	41.7 (107.1)	38.4 (101.1)	35.2 (95.4)	30.7 (87.3)	22.7 (72.9)	19.6 (67.3)	41.7 (107.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	2.7 (36.9)	6.5 (43.7)	13.4 (56.1)	21.3 (70.3)	27.6 (81.7)	31.0 (87.8)	32.0 (89.6)	31.2 (88.2)	26.8 (80.2)	19.5 (67.1)	10.6 (51.1)	4.0 (39.2)	18.9 (66.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−2.7 (27.1)	0.6 (33.1)	7.4 (45.3)	15.1 (59.2)	21.2 (70.2)	25.1 (77.2)	26.9 (80.4)	25.9 (78.6)	20.8 (69.4)	13.3 (55.9)	4.9 (40.8)	−1.1 (30.0)	13.1 (55.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−7.1 (19.2)	−4.3 (24.3)	1.8 (35.2)	8.8 (47.8)	14.8 (58.6)	19.7 (67.5)	22.6 (72.7)	21.6 (70.9)	15.9 (60.6)	8.3 (46.9)	0.3 (32.5)	−5.2 (22.6)	8.1 (46.6)
Record low °C (°F)	−20.2 (−4.4)	−15.7 (3.7)	−10.7 (12.7)	−2.7 (27.1)	3.4 (38.1)	10.5 (50.9)	15.8 (60.4)	13.9 (57.0)	4.0 (39.2)	−3.5 (25.7)	−10.8 (12.6)	−15.7 (3.7)	−20.2 (−4.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	2.1 (0.08)	5.6 (0.22)	9.6 (0.38)	21.6 (0.85)	34.7 (1.37)	84.8 (3.34)	209.5 (8.25)	119.7 (4.71)	53.3 (2.10)	27.8 (1.09)	15.1 (0.59)	2.5 (0.10)	586.3 (23.08)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	1.3	2.3	2.8	4.5	6.1	10.3	13.1	11.0	7.5	5.0	3.0	1.5	68.4
Average snowy days	2.4	2.2	1.1	0.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.5	2.4	9.7
Average relative humidity (%)	43	42	41	43	48	60	72	73	67	62	56	46	54
Mean monthly sunshine hours	183.1	183.6	220.2	233.1	250.5	203.2	170.2	186.9	194.8	188.8	166.0	169.9	2,350.3
Percent possible sunshine	61	60	59	58	56	45	38	44	53	55	56	59	54
Source: China Meteorological Administration[33][34]

Sister cities

Since 1992, Haidian District has signed official papers and established Sister City relationship with 14 cities and districts from 10 countries of 4 continents. Some sister cities are shown below:^[35]

South America

• Santa Fe, Argentina (May 2010)
• La Falda, Cordoba, Argentina (10 September 2009)

North America

• Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (8 February 2008)
• Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States (15 April 1998)

Europe

• Savonlinna, Finland (9 March 2016)
• Olympia, Peloponnesus, Greece (28 February 2008)
• Groningen, Netherlands (19 October 2004)
• Bures-sur-Yvette, Massy, Palaiseau, in Paris Region, France (4 October 1994)

East Asia

• Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea (27 September 1995)
• Nerima, Tokyo, Japan (13 October 1992)

Notes

1. These towns are officially classified as subdistricts, but as they coincide with the area of the same name, they are commonly named "areas" (地区).

References

1. "北京市第七次全国人口普查公告".
2. "海淀区第七次全国人口普查公报".
3. "北京市海淀区第七次全国人口普查公报" (PDF). Beijing Haidian Bureau Of Statistics. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
4. University of Texas Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection: A portion of "Originalkarte der Ebene von Peking und des Gebirkslandes im Westen und Norden der Capitale" from Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt uber Wichtige Neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie von Dr. A. Petermann. Erganzungsband 10, 1876.
5. Beijing Haidian District People's Government (7 December 2007), Special Shopping Areas in Haidian District Archived 12 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 19 October 2008. NB: this page only loads correctly in Internet Explorer.
6. Tang Yangkai (2008). "Haidian District::Beijing's 'Smart Reservoir'". Beijing Review (7).
7. Joshua Cooper Ramo (27 September 1999). "HAIDIAN DISTRICT: China's Silicon Valley, 1999". Time. Vol. 154, no. 12. Archived from the original on 29 January 2001. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
8. Wang, Wenfei, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan. "Growth and Decline of Muslim Hui Enclaves in Beijing" (Archive). Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2002, 43, No. 2, pp. 104-122. Cited page: p. 117.
9. Home page in Chinese. China National Space Administration. Retrieved on 26 February 2016. "地址：北京市海淀区阜成路甲8号 邮编:100048"
10. Home. State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs. Retrieved on 12 July 2017. "邮编：100873 地址：北京中关村南大街一号5号楼 "
11. "解放军军乐厅_中国网". Archived from the original on 31 July 2010.
12. 北京区域统计年鉴2018 Archived 25 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine"Regional Yearbook of Beijing, 2018"
13. "IR Contacts Archived 26 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine." Baidu. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Address: Baidu Campus, No. 10, Shangdi 10th Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085 People's Republic of China."
14. "Contact Us." Sohu. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Headquarter Office Sohu.com Internet Plaza, No.1 Park, Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, PRC ."
15. "Sohu.com." CNN Money. Retrieved on 19 August 2009.
16. "Contact Us Archived 20 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine." Sinosteel. Retrieved on 18 November 2012. "Sinosteel Plaza,8 Haidian St., Beijing, P.R.China" - See map and directions in English Archived 29 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine - Chinese Archived 6 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine: "中国北京海淀区海淀大街8号中钢国际广场" - See map and directions in Chinese Archived 6 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine
17. 版权声明. Youku. Retrieved 27 December 2010. 北京市海淀区海淀大街8号中钢国际大厦5层
18. "Contact Us". Youku. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2010. Beijing 5th Floor, Sinosteel Plaza, 8 Haidian Dajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100080, China
19. "Interim Report 2011" (PDF). Wumart. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2012. ADDRESS OF HEAD OFFICE Wumart Commercial Building 158-1 West 4th Ring North Road Haidian District Beijing P. R. China" "LEGAL ADDRESS IN CHINA Room 5610 1 Shixingdong Street Badachu HighTech Park District Shijingshan District Beijing The PRC
20. "Contact Us Archived 12 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine." aigo. Retrieved on 25 July 2013. "aigo Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Add: 10-11th Floor, Ideal Plaza, No.58, West Road, North 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100080, China" Chinese address Archived 24 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine: "北京市北四环西路58号理想国际大厦11层"
21. 联系我们. China Postal Airlines. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2012. 北京海淀区增光路55号紫玉写字楼11-14层
22. "Home (English)". Sinovac Biotech. Retrieved 6 March 2021. Add: No. 39 Shangdi Xi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R.C. 100085 - Chinese address: "地址：中国· 北京 海淀区上地西路39号北大生物城（100085）"
23. "Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd." (Archive) COMAC. Retrieved on 10 January 2014.
24. 联系方式 (Contact Us). Official website of Xiaomi (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 17 March 2016.
25. "Contact Us". Nuctech Company. Retrieved 2 March 2021. NUCTECH COMPANY LIMITED Address: 2/F Block A, Tongfang Building, Shuangqinglu, Haidian District, Beijing PRC - Address in Chinese: "北京市海淀区双清路同方大厦A座2层"
26. "Contact". New Oriental. Retrieved 10 January 2022. No.6 Haidian Zhongjie, Haidian District, Beijing 100080 PRC - Chinese address: "北京市海淀区海淀中街6号新东方大厦9层"
27. "Google locations." Google. Retrieved on 25 May 2016. "Google Beijing Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6 No. 1 Zhongguancun East Road Haidian District"
28. "Contact Us". Everbright International. Retrieved 4 March 2019. Flat 1603, Block B, Beijing International Building, No. 18, Nanda Street Jia, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, PRC - Traditional Chinese address: " 北京市海澱區中關村南大街甲18號北京國際大廈B座1603室" - Simplified Chinese address: "北京市海淀区中关村南大街甲18号北京国际大厦B座1603室"
29. "联系我们" (Contact Us) (Archive). Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Retrieved on 10 January 2014. "北京市教育委员会地址：海淀区北四环中路267号北京奥运大厦"
30. Home page (Archive). Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Retrieved on 10 January 2014. "地址：海淀区北四环中路267号北京奥运大厦 邮政编码：100083"
31. "Location Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine." Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School. Retrieved on 7 June 2014. "Address：No.20, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing,100195 P.R.China" - Address in Chinese Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine: "地址： 北京市海淀区杏石口路20号 邮编： 100195"
32. FIB Members Archived 17 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine, read 20 February 2016
33. 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
34. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
35. "BEIJING HAIDIAN Foreign Affairs Office of Haidian District". Archived from the original on 30 June 2013.

External links

• Haidian District, Beijing Municipality (in English)
• Haidian District, Beijing Municipality (in Chinese)