Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (HCA₃), also known as niacin receptor 2 (NIACR2) and GPR109B,^[5] is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HCAR3 gene.^[6][7] HCA₃, like the other hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors HCA₁ and HCA₂, is a G_i/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).^[5][8] The primary endogenous agonists of HCA₃ are 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid and kynurenic acid.^[5][8][9] HCA₃ is also a low-affinity biomolecular target for niacin (aka nicotinic acid).^[10]

HCAR3
Identifiers
Aliases	HCAR3, GPR109B, HCA3, HM74, PUMAG, Puma-g, Niacin receptor 2, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3
External IDs	OMIM: 606039; MGI: 1933383; HomoloGene: 130547; GeneCards: HCAR3; OMA:HCAR3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q24.31 Start 122,714,756 bp[1] End 122,716,811 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5|5 F Start 124,001,633 bp[2] End 124,003,562 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in blood granulocyte gonad spleen monocyte mucosa of esophagus bone marrow skin of abdomen skin of leg appendix Top expressed in granulocyte esophagus lip skin of external ear morula subcutaneous adipose tissue skin of back transitional epithelium of urinary bladder trachea skin of abdomen More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function G protein-coupled receptor activity signal transducer activity Cellular component integral component of membrane cell junction plasma membrane integral component of plasma membrane membrane Biological process G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway signal transduction Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 8843 80885 Ensembl ENSG00000255398 ENSMUSG00000045502 UniProt P49019 Q9EP66 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006018 NM_030701 RefSeq (protein) NP_006009 NP_109626 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 122.71 – 122.72 Mb Chr 5: 124 – 124 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000255398 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000045502 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Offermanns S, Colletti SL, Lovenberg TW, Semple G, Wise A, IJzerman AP (June 2011). "International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXII: Nomenclature and Classification of Hydroxy-carboxylic Acid Receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B)". Pharmacological Reviews. 63 (2): 269–290. doi:10.1124/pr.110.003301. PMID 21454438.
6. "Entrez Gene: GPR109B G protein-coupled receptor 109B".
7. Nomura H, Nielsen BW, Matsushima K (October 1993). "Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a LD78 receptor and putative leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptors". International Immunology. 5 (10): 1239–1249. doi:10.1093/intimm/5.10.1239. PMID 7505609.
8. Offermanns S, Colletti SL, IJzerman AP, Lovenberg TW, Semple G, Wise A, et al. "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
9. Kapolka NJ, Taghon GJ, Rowe JB, Morgan WM, Enten JF, Lambert NA, et al. (June 2020). "DCyFIR: a high-throughput CRISPR platform for multiplexed G protein-coupled receptor profiling and ligand discovery". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (23): 13117–13126. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11713117K. doi:10.1073/pnas.2000430117. PMC 7293659. PMID 32434907.
10. Peters A, Krumbholz P, Jäger E, Heintz-Buschart A, Çakir MV, Rothemund S, et al. (May 2019). "Metabolites of lactic acid bacteria present in fermented foods are highly potent agonists of human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3". PLoS Genetics. 15 (5): e1008145. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008145. PMC 6532841. PMID 31120900.

Further reading

• Nomura H, Nielsen BW, Matsushima K (October 1993). "Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a LD78 receptor and putative leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptors". International Immunology. 5 (10): 1239–1249. doi:10.1093/intimm/5.10.1239. PMID 7505609.
• Zingoni A, Rocchi M, Storlazzi CT, Bernardini G, Santoni A, Napolitano M (June 1997). "Isolation and chromosomal localization of GPR31, a human gene encoding a putative G protein-coupled receptor". Genomics. 42 (3): 519–523. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4754. hdl:11573/245592. PMID 9205127.
• Irobi J, Nelis E, Verhoeven K, De Vriendt E, Dierick I, De Jonghe P, et al. (June 2002). "Mutation analysis of 12 candidate genes for distal hereditary motor neuropathy type II (distal HMN II) linked to 12q24.3". Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System. 7 (2): 87–95. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8027.2002.02014.x. PMID 12090300. S2CID 8453412.
• Wise A, Foord SM, Fraser NJ, Barnes AA, Elshourbagy N, Eilert M, et al. (March 2003). "Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (11): 9869–9874. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210695200. PMID 12522134.
• Tunaru S, Kero J, Schaub A, Wufka C, Blaukat A, Pfeffer K, et al. (March 2003). "PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect". Nature Medicine. 9 (3): 352–355. doi:10.1038/nm824. PMID 12563315. S2CID 20451806.
• Soga T, Kamohara M, Takasaki J, Matsumoto S, Saito T, Ohishi T, et al. (March 2003). "Molecular identification of nicotinic acid receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 303 (1): 364–369. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00342-5. PMID 12646212.
• Toulza E, Mattiuzzo NR, Galliano MF, Jonca N, Dossat C, Jacob D, et al. (2007). "Large-scale identification of human genes implicated in epidermal barrier function". Genome Biology. 8 (6): R107. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-6-r107. PMC 2394760. PMID 17562024.

External links

• "Nicotinic Acid Receptor Family: GPR109B". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-12-09.