Greater German People's Party

The Greater German People's Party (German Großdeutsche Volkspartei, abbreviated GDVP) was a German nationalist political party during the First Republic of Austria, established in 1920.

Greater German People's Party Großdeutsche Volkspartei
Founded	8 August 1920; 104 years ago (8 August 1920)
Dissolved	1 May 1934; 90 years ago (1 May 1934)
Merger of	German-National Party German People's Party
Preceded by	German National Association[1]
Succeeded by	Austrian Nazi Party (de facto)[2]
Membership	100,000 (1922 est.)
Ideology	German nationalism[3] Pan-Germanism[4] Antisemitism[5]
Political position	Right-wing
Electoral list	Einheitsliste [de] (1923, 1927)
Electoral alliance	Nationaler Wirtschaftsblock und Landbund [de] (1930)
Colours	Black   Red   Gold[6]
National Council (1920)	21 / 183
Politics of Austria Political parties Elections

Foundation

After World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, the German nationalist and "German-Liberal" camp, which was fragmented into many splinter parties and factions, formed the largest group in the Provisional National Assembly of German Austria with 102 representatives, ahead of the Socialists and the Catholic Christian Socials. In 1919, the 17 different groupings and clubs formed a federation, the Greater German Association (Großdeutsche Vereinigung),^[1] led by the former Linz mayor Franz Dinghofer. As delegate of the Provisional Assembly, Dinghofer was elected one of its three presidents on 21 October 1918, together with the Socialist Karl Seitz and the Christian Social politician Jodok Fink. Under his presidency, the assembly voted for the accession to the German Reich and declared German Austria a republic.^{[citation needed]}

On a 1920 convention in Salzburg, the Greater German Association was transformed into a single party, the German nationalist and antisemitic Greater German People's Party.^[5][7][8][9] The only nationalist parties which did not join were the German Workers' Party and the rural Landbund. The party did not have a strong organisation but instead was supported by people who were nationalistic but not generally involved or interested in politics.^[4] The party received strong support from students, teachers and bureaucrats.^[10]

Ideology

1923 election poster: "And if the world were full of devils! The German people must arise! Away from Internationalism! Vote Greater German!"

The party supported the creation of a Volksgemeinschaft or people's community. They called for the unification of Austria with Germany and free trade.^[4]

Support

During the First Republic the party never won more than 17% in elections. However, from 1921 to 1932, it was the junior partner of the Austrian Federal Government, in a coalition with the Christian Social Party,^[11] providing the Vice-Chancellors in the cabinets of Johann Schober, Ignaz Seipel and Rudolf Ramek. From 1927, the similar oriented Landbund took the Greater Germans' position as coalition partner.^{[citation needed]}

Chancellor Johann Schober (in office 1921–22, 1930–31), although not a party-member, was considered to be close to the German nationalists. With the rise in support for the Austrian Nazi Party in the early 1930s, the Greater German People's Party lost numerous members to the Nazis and the paramilitary Heimwehr forces. On 15 May 1933, the party's radicalised remnants formed an action group ("Kampfgemeinschaft") with the National Socialists and eventually merged with the Nazi party during 1933–34.^[12] With the implementation of the Austrofascist dictatorship of the Federal State of Austria in 1934, all parties were banned. Upon the 1938 Anschluss to Nazi Germany, many former members joined the German Nazi Party.^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

The Greater German People's Party represented the Austrian "Third Camp" (Drittes Lager) which traditionally has embraced pan-German nationalists and national liberals (in Austria "German-Liberals"). The Third Camp was revived after World War II in form of the Federation of Independents and later the Freedom Party of Austria.

See also

• German nationalism in Austria
• Liberalism in Austria

References

1. Jelavich, Barbara (1987). Modern Austria: Empire and Republic, 1815-1986. Cambridge University Press. p. 151. ISBN 0-521-31625-1. Modern Austria.
2. Fritz, Regina (2012). "Großdeutsche Volkspartei (Österreich)". In Wolfgang Benz; et al. (eds.). Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Vol. 5. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 294–296.
3. Jelavich, Barbara (1987). Modern Austria: Empire and Republic, 1815-1986. Cambridge University Press. p. 168. ISBN 9780521316255. Modern Austria.
4. Pauley, Bruce F (1998). From Prejudice to Persecution: A History of Austrian Anti Semitism. UNC Press. pp. 180–81. ISBN 0-8078-4713-5.
5. "Großdeutsche Volkspartei". Austria-Forum.org. Graz University of Technology. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
6. Franz Schausberger: Deutschnational waren sie irgendwie alle – Die Rolle der österreichischen Parteien vor dem „Anschluss" 1938. In: wienerzeitung.at. 7 March 2018, retrieved 3 December 2020.
7. Enderle-Burcel, Gertrude; Reiter-Zatloukal, Ilse (10 September 2018). Antisemitismus in Österreich 1933-1938 [Antisemitism in Austria 1933-1938]. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 292–93. ISBN 9783205201267. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
8. "Being Jewish in Vienna". Germanics.Washington.edu. Dept of Germanics, University of Washington. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
9. Pauley, Bruce F (1998). From Prejudice to Persecution: A History of Austrian Anti Semitism. UNC Press. pp. 140–41, 180–81. ISBN 0-8078-4713-5.
10. Jelavich, p. 168.
11. Bukey, Evan Burr (2002). Hitler's Austria: Popular Sentiment in the Nazi Era, 1938-1945. UNC Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-8078-5363-1.
12. Morgan, Philip (2003). Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945. Routledge. p. 72. ISBN 0-415-16942-9.