Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest

Germany has officially participated in every Eurovision Song Contest since its inaugural edition in 1956, except in 1996 when its entry did not qualify past the audio-only pre-selection round, and consequently was not seen in the broadcast final and does not count as one of Germany's 67 appearances. No other country has been represented as many times. Along with France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, Germany is one of the "Big Five" countries that are automatically prequalified for the final, due to their participant broadcasters being the largest financial contributors to the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The final is broadcast in Germany on ARD's flagship channel, Das Erste.

Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest
Participating broadcaster	ARD[a] Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR; 1965, 1996–) Former members ARD consortium members: Nord- und Westdeutscher Rundfunkverband [de] (NWRV; 1956) Hessischer Rundfunk (HR; 1957, 1959–1961, 1963–1964, 1966–1971, 1973–1977) Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR; 1958) Südwestfunk (SWF; 1962, 1978) Sender Freies Berlin (SFB; 1972, 1991) Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR; 1979–1990) Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR; 1992–1995)
Participation summary
Appearances	67
First appearance	1956
Highest placement	1st: 1982, 2010
Host	1957, 1983, 2011
Participation history 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
External links
NDR page
Germany's page at Eurovision.tv
For the most recent participation see Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024

Germany first won the contest in 1982 with "Ein bißchen Frieden" performed by Nicole. The second German victory came 28 years later at the 2010 contest, when "Satellite" performed by Lena won. Katja Ebstein, who finished third in 1970 and 1971, then second in 1980, is the only performer to have made the top three on three occasions. Germany has a total of 11 top three placements, also finishing second with Lena Valaitis (1981) and twice with the group Wind (1985 and 1987), and finishing third with Mary Roos (1972), Mekado (1994) and Sürpriz (1999). Germany has finished last on ten occasions, receiving nul points in 1964, 1965 and 2015.

While having not reached the top-ten in 14 of the last 19 contests (2005–24), Michael Schulte achieved Germany's second-best result of the 21st century, by finishing fourth at the 2018 contest. Although German contestants have had varied levels of success, public interest remains high and the contest is one of the most-watched events each year.^[1]

History

The Federal Republic of Germany has participated in the contest since its inception in 1956.^[2] Before German reunification in 1990, the country was occasionally presented as "West Germany". The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) did not participate in the Eurovision Song Contest, and instead took part in the Intervision Song Contest.

With one win (1982) and four second-place results (1980, 1981, 1985, and 1987), Germany was the second most successful country in the contest in the 1980s, behind Ireland, who had two wins in the decade.

1996 absence

ARD had selected an artist and song to represent them at the 1996 contest, to be held in Oslo, Norway. Due to the large number of countries wanting to compete at Eurovision, the EBU determined that only 23 of the 30 countries could compete. Hosts Norway qualified automatically, the other 29 songs went into an audio-only pre-qualification round, with the top 22 going on to compete alongside Norway in Oslo. Unfortunately for Germany, its entry, Leon with "Planet of Blue", failed to earn enough points to progress to the final, finishing 24th. ARD and the EBU were not happy with this, as Germany was the biggest financial contributor at the time. This is the only time that Germany has been absent from the contest.

2000s

In the 2000s, Germany has been notable for their adoption of musical styles which are not typical of Eurovision, such as country and western (Texas Lightning – "No No Never" in 2006) and swing (Roger Cicero – "Frauen regier'n die Welt" in 2007 and Alex Swings Oscar Sings – "Miss Kiss Kiss Bang" in 2009). Germany had some successes throughout the decade, Lou - "Let's Get Happy" came in 11th place out of 26 in 2003 and Stefan Raab came 5th in 2000, which was Germany's best placement during the 2000's. Germany tied for last in 2008 for points, but was awarded 23rd of 25 places when the results were posted. In 2009, ARD held an internal selection for the first time since 1995 due to lack of interest and viewing figures of the German national finals.^[3] Alex Christensen and Oscar Loya were selected to represent Germany at the 2009 contest, where they performed on stage with burlesque artist Dita Von Teese. However they only managed to receive 35 points, placing 20th of 25 competing countries.

2010s

In 2010, ARD approached former entrant and songwriter Stefan Raab and private network ProSieben to co-operate in finding a winning entry for the country. It has been said that Raab was approached due to his good record at the contest, finishing 5th in 2000 as well as writing entries in 1998 and 2004, which finished 7th and 8th, respectively. Raab agreed and conducted a TV casting show called Unser Star für Oslo which was broadcast on ARD and ProSieben. A winner arose in Lena Meyer-Landrut with "Satellite", who went on to win the contest. Two further collaborations with ProSieben provided the second and third top ten result in a row respectively in 2011 (Lena, who returned to defend her title with "Taken by a Stranger") and 2012 (Roman Lob with "Standing Still").

The streak of top 10 finishes was broken in the 2013 contest, when Cascada's song "Glorious" finished 21st with 18 points. The group Elaiza in 2014, Ann Sophie in 2015, Jamie-Lee in 2016 and Levina in 2017 finished in 18th, 27th (last), 26th (last) and 25th (second to last) place respectively. Ann Sophie became the country's third entry to finish with nul points, after Nora Nova in 1964 and Ulla Wiesner in 1965, and the first since the introduction of the current scoring system in 1975.

Germany's luck changed in 2018, when Michael Schulte brought them back to the top 5 for the first time since 2010 with "You Let Me Walk Alone", finishing in fourth place. This is the first time since 2012 that more than one country from the "Big Five" has made the top ten (with Italy finishing fifth) and the second time (after 2002) that two "Big Five" countries have made the top five since the establishment of the rule. The year after, the duo Sisters with the song "Sister" was not able to replicate the same success, receiving no points from the televote and finishing in 25th place with 24 points.

2020s

Three further bottom five results were recorded by Germany at the start of the decade, that of Jendrik in 2021 (also receiving no points from the televote), Malik Harris in 2022 (receiving no points from the juries) and Lord of the Lost in 2023. This streak was broken by Isaak, whose entry "Always on the Run" placed 12th in 2024 with 117 points.

Organisation

Since 1996, ARD consortium member Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) is who participates in the contest representing Germany. The responsibility within the consortium for the participation in the contest has changed hands between its different members over the years:^[4]

• Nord-und Westdeutscher Rundfunkverband (NWRV) – 1956
• Hessischer Rundfunk (HR) – 1957, 1959–1961, 1963–1964, 1966–1971, 1973–1977
• Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) – 1958
• Südwestfunk (SWF) – 1962, 1978
• Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) – 1965, 1996–present
• Sender Freies Berlin (SFB) – 1972, 1991
• Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR) – 1979–1990
• Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR) – 1992–1995

In 1991, SFB worked in partnership with the East German broadcaster Deutscher Fernsehfunk (DFF) to select the German entry for that year's contest. Between 2010 and 2012, private broadcaster ProSieben worked in partnership with NDR.^[4] In 2025, RTL Deutschland will partner with NDR.^[5]

The process to select the German entry in the contest has changed over the years, with both national finals and internal selections (occasionally a combination of both formats) having been held.^[4]

Germany and the "Big Five"

Since 1999, Germany, along with France, Spain and the United Kingdom, have automatically qualified for the Eurovision final regardless of their results in previous contests.^[6] The participant broadcasters from these countries earned this special status by being the four biggest financial contributors to the EBU, and subsequently became known as the "Big Four". In 2008, it was reported that the "Big Four" could lose their status and be forced to compete in the semi-finals;^[7] however, this never materialised, and the rule remained in place.^[8] When Italy returned to the contest in 2011, it was given the same untouchable status, thus upgrading the countries to members of a "Big Five".^[9][10]

Germany was the first Big Five country to win the contest after the rule was introduced, courtesy of Lena in 2010. In terms of success, it is currently second behind Italy, which won in 2021 with Måneskin, and finished second in 2011 with Raphael Gualazzi and again in 2019 with Mahmood. However, taking into account Italy's absence from the contest for the first 11 years of the rule's existence, Germany remains the only country to have won out of the original "Big Four".

Participation overview

Table key

1	First place
2	Second place
3	Third place
◁	Last place
X	Entry selected but did not compete
†	Upcoming event

Year	Artist	Song	Language	Final	Points	Semi	Points
1956	Walter Andreas Schwarz	"Im Wartesaal zum großen Glück"	German	—[b]	—[b]	No semi-finals
	Freddy Quinn	"So geht das jede Nacht"	German
1957	Margot Hielscher	"Telefon, Telefon"	German	4	8
1958	Margot Hielscher	"Für zwei Groschen Musik"	German	7	5
1959	Alice and Ellen Kessler	"Heut' woll'n wir tanzen geh'n"	German	8	5
1960	Wyn Hoop	"Bonne nuit ma chérie"	German	4	11
1961	Lale Andersen	"Einmal sehen wir uns wieder"	German, French	13	3
1962	Conny Froboess	"Zwei kleine Italiener"	German	6	9
1963	Heidi Brühl	"Marcel"	German	9	5
1964	Nora Nova	"Man gewöhnt sich so schnell an das Schöne"	German	13 ◁	0
1965	Ulla Wiesner	"Paradies, wo bist du?"	German	15 ◁	0
1966	Margot Eskens	"Die Zeiger der Uhr"	German	10	7
1967	Inge Brück	"Anouschka"	German	8	7
1968	Wencke Myhre	"Ein Hoch der Liebe"	German	6	11
1969	Siw Malmkvist	"Primaballerina"	German	9	8
1970	Katja Ebstein	"Wunder gibt es immer wieder"	German	3	12
1971	Katja Ebstein	"Diese Welt"	German	3	100
1972	Mary Roos	"Nur die Liebe läßt uns leben"	German	3	107
1973	Gitte	"Junger Tag"	German	8	85
1974	Cindy and Bert	"Die Sommermelodie"	German	14 ◁	3
1975	Joy Fleming	"Ein Lied kann eine Brücke sein"	German, English	17	15
1976	Les Humphries Singers	"Sing, Sang, Song"	German	15	12
1977	Silver Convention	"Telegram"	English	8	55
1978	Ireen Sheer	"Feuer"	German	6	84
1979	Dschinghis Khan	"Dschinghis Khan"	German	4	86
1980	Katja Ebstein	"Theater"	German	2	128
1981	Lena Valaitis	"Johnny Blue"	German	2	132
1982	Nicole	"Ein bißchen Frieden"	German	1	161
1983	Hoffmann and Hoffmann	"Rücksicht"	German	5	94
1984	Mary Roos	"Aufrecht geh'n"	German	13	34
1985	Wind	"Für alle"	German	2	105
1986	Ingrid Peters	"Über die Brücke geh'n"	German	8	62
1987	Wind	"Laß die Sonne in dein Herz"	German	2	141
1988	Maxi and Chris Garden	"Lied für einen Freund"	German	14	48
1989	Nino de Angelo	"Flieger"	German	14	46
1990	Chris Kempers and Daniel Kovac	"Frei zu leben"	German	9	60
1991	Atlantis 2000	"Dieser Traum darf niemals sterben"	German	18	10
1992	Wind	"Träume sind für alle da"	German	16	27
1993	Münchener Freiheit	"Viel zu weit"	German	18	18	Kvalifikacija za Millstreet
1994	Mekado	"Wir geben 'ne Party"	German	3	128	No semi-finals
1995	Stone and Stone	"Verliebt in Dich"	German	23 ◁	1
1996	Leon	"Planet of Blue"	German	Failed to qualify[c] X		24	24
1997	Bianca Shomburg	"Zeit"	German	18	22	No semi-finals
1998	Guildo Horn	"Guildo hat euch lieb"	German	7	86
1999	Sürpriz	"Journey to Jerusalem – Kudüs'e Seyahat"	German, Turkish, English	3	140
2000	Stefan Raab	"Wadde hadde dudde da?"	German, English	5	96
2001	Michelle	"Wer Liebe lebt"	German, English	8	66
2002	Corinna May	"I Can't Live Without Music"	English	21	17
2003	Lou	"Let's Get Happy"	English	11	53
2004	Max	"Can't Wait Until Tonight"	English, Turkish	8	93	Member of the "Big Four"
2005	Gracia	"Run & Hide"	English	24 ◁	4
2006	Texas Lightning	"No No Never"	English	14	36
2007	Roger Cicero	"Frauen regier'n die Welt"	German, English	19	49
2008	No Angels	"Disappear"	English	23	14
2009	Alex Swings Oscar Sings!	"Miss Kiss Kiss Bang"	English	20	35
2010	Lena	"Satellite"	English	1	246
2011	Lena	"Taken by a Stranger"	English	10	107	Member of the "Big Five" Host country
2012	Roman Lob	"Standing Still"	English	8	110	Member of the "Big Five"
2013	Cascada	"Glorious"	English	21	18
2014	Elaiza	"Is It Right"	English	18	39
2015	Ann Sophie	"Black Smoke"	English	27 ◁	0
2016	Jamie-Lee	"Ghost"	English	26 ◁	11
2017	Levina	"Perfect Life"	English	25	6
2018	Michael Schulte	"You Let Me Walk Alone"	English	4	340
2019	S!sters	"Sister"	English	25	24
2020	Ben Dolic	"Violent Thing"	English	Contest cancelled[d] X
2021	Jendrik	"I Don't Feel Hate"	English	25	3
2022	Malik Harris	"Rockstars"	English	25 ◁	6
2023	Lord of the Lost	"Blood & Glitter"	English	26 ◁	18
2024	Isaak	"Always on the Run"	English	12	117
2025	TBD 1 March 2025 †[11]			Upcoming †

Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest

Further information: Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest

Artist	Song	Language	At Congratulations				At Eurovision
			Final	Points	Semi	Points	Year	Place	Points
Nicole	"Ein bißchen Frieden"	German	Failed to qualify		7	106	1982	1	161

Hostings

Year	Location	Venue	Presenter(s)
1957	Frankfurt	Großer Sendesaal	Anaid Iplicjian
1983	Munich	Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle	Marlene Charell
2011	Düsseldorf	Esprit Arena	Anke Engelke, Judith Rakers and Stefan Raab

Awards

Barbara Dex Award

Further information: Barbara Dex Award

Year	Performer	Host city	Ref.
1998	Guildo Horn	Birmingham	[12]

Related involvement

Conductors

Year	Conductor[e]	Musical Director	Notes	Ref.
1956	Fernando Paggi	N/A	Host conductor	[13]
1957	Willy Berking		[f]
1958	Dolf van der Linden	N/A	Host conductor
1959	Franck Pourcel
1960	Franz Josef Breuer
1961	Franck Pourcel		Host conductor
1962	Rolf-Hans Müller
1963	Willy Berking
1964
1965	Alfred Hause
1966	Willy Berking
1967	Hans Blum
1968	Horst Jankowski
1969	Hans Blum
1970	Christian Bruhn			[14]
1971	Dieter Zimmermann
1972	Paul Kuhn
1973	Günther-Eric Thöner
1974	Werner Scharfenberger
1975	Rainer Pietsch
1976	Les Humphries
1977	Ronnie Hazlehurst		Host conductor
1978	Jean Frankfurter
1979	Norbert Daum
1980	Wolfgang Rödelberger			[15]
1981
1982	Norbert Daum
1983	Dieter Reith
1984	Pierre Cao	N/A	Host conductor
1985	Rainer Pietsch
1986	Hans Blum
1987	László Bencker
1988	Michael Thatcher
1989	No conductor
1990	Rainer Pietsch
1991	Hermann Weindorf
1992	Norbert Daum
1993
1994
1995	Hermann Weindorf
1997	No conductor
1998	Stefan Raab		[g]

Heads of delegation

Year	Head of delegation	Ref.
1996–2005	Jürgen Meier-Beer	[16]
2007–2008	Manfred Witt	[17]
2015	Torsten Amarell	[18]
2016–2017	Carola Conze	[19]
2018–2019	Christoph Pellander	[20]
2020–present	Alexandra Wolfslast	[21]

Commentators and spokespersons

Over the years, commentary on ARD has been provided by several experienced radio and television presenters, including Ado Schlier, Thomas Gottschalk, Jan Hofer, Wolf Mittler, Fritz Egner and Werner Veigel. Peter Urban has provided commentary on Das Erste every year since 1997, and has only been absent once, in 2009, when he was forced to step down due to illness, with Tim Frühling from HR filling in to commentate in Moscow.^[22] For the later-cancelled 2020 contest, Michael Schulte was set to commentate together with Urban. Both commentated the official EBU replacement show Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light instead, as well as the German replacement show Eurovision 2020 – das deutsche Finale from the Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg. Urban stepped down as the German commentator after the 2023 contest.^[23] His successor is Thorsten Schorn.^[24]

Television and radio commentators and spokespersons

Year	Commentator(s)				Spokesperson	Ref.
	Channel	Television commentator	Channel	Radio commentator
1956	Deutsches Fernsehen	Irene Koss	Radio Bremen 2	Unknown	No spokesperson	[25][26][27]
1957		Unknown	Zweites Programm, WDR 2		Joachim Fuchsberger	[28][29][30]
1958			Unknown		Claudia Doren	[31]
1959					Hans-Joachim Rauschenbach	[32]
1960		Wolf Mittler				[33][34]
1961			Frankfurt 1	Unknown	Heinz Schenk	[35][36]
1962		Ruth Kappelsberger [de]	Unknown		Klaus Havenstein	[37]
1963		Hanns-Joachim Friedrichs			Werner Veigel	[38][39]
1964		Unknown			Lia Wöhr	[40]
1965						[41]
1966		Hans-Joachim Rauschenbach [de]			Werner Veigel	[42][43]
1967					Karin Tietze-Ludwig	[44]
1968		Unknown			Hans-Otto Grünefeldt	[45]
1969						[46]
1970						[47]
1971		Hanns Verres [de]			No spokesperson	[48][49]
1972		Unknown				[50]
1973						[51]
1974					Hanns-Joachim Friedrichs	[52]
1975		Werner Veigel			Unknown	[53][54]
1976					Wilhelm Stöck	[55][56]
1977						[57][58]
1978					Sigi Harreis	[59][60]
1979		Gaby Schnelle, Ado Schlier [de]			Lotti Ohnesorge	[61][62]
1980		Ado Schlier			Unknown	[63][64]
1981		Unknown				[65]
1982		Ado Schlier				[66][67]
1983			Bayern 1, Frankfurt 1, NDR 2 [de], RIAS 1	Ado Schlier	Carolin Reiber	[68][69][70][71][72]
1984			Unknown		Ruth Kappelsberger	[73][74]
1985	Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen				Christoph Deumling	[75][76]
1986						[77][78]
1987		Lotti Ohnesorge [de], Christoph Deumling [de]			Gabi Schnelle	[79][80]
1988		Nicole, Claus-Erich Boetzkes			Lotti Ohnesorge	[81][82]
1989		Thomas Gottschalk	Unknown	Ado Schlier	Gabi Schnelle	[83]
1990		Fritz Egner	Unknown			[84][85]
1991		Max Schautzer			Christian Eckhardt	[86]
1992		Jan Hofer			Carmen Nebel	[87][88]
1993			Bayern 1	Unknown		[89][90][91]
1994			No radio broadcast			[92]
1995		Horst Senker				[93][94]
1996	MDR Fernsehen, N3, WDR Fernsehen	Ulf Ansorge [de]			Did not participate	[95][96]
1997	Das Erste	Peter Urban			Christina Mänz	[97]
1998					Nena	[98]
1999					Renan Demirkan	[99]
2000					Axel Bulthaupt	[100]
2001						[101]
2002						[102][103]
2003						[104][105]
2004	NDR Fernsehen (Semi-final) Das Erste (Final)				Thomas Anders	[106][107][108]
2005					Thomas Hermanns	[109][110]
2006						[111][112]
2007						[113][114]
2008	NDR Fernsehen (Semi-finals) Das Erste (Final)					[115]
2009	Phoenix (SF1) NDR Fernsehen (SF2) Das Erste (Final)	Tim Frühling			Thomas Anders	[116][117]
2010	Das Erste	Peter Urban	NDR 2 (Final)	Tim Frühling and Thomas Mohr	Hape Kerkeling	[118]
2011	Einsfestival (SF1) ProSieben (SF1)	Peter Urban and Steven Gätjen	NDR 2, WDR 1LIVE, hr3 (Final)	Thomas Mohr, Steffi Neu [de] and Tim Frühling	Ina Müller	[119]
	Das Erste (SF2/Final)	Peter Urban
2012	Das Erste		NDR 2	Thomas Mohr	Anke Engelke	[120][121][122]
			hr3	Tim Frühling
2013	NDR Fernsehen (Semi-finals) Einsfestival (SF2) Phoenix (SF2) Das Erste (Final)		No radio broadcast		Lena Meyer-Landrut	[123]
2014	EinsPlus, Einsfestival Phoenix (Semi-finals) Das Erste (Final)				Helene Fischer	[124]
2015	EinsPlus	Sign language interpreters			Barbara Schöneberger	[125][126]
	Einsfestival, Phoenix (Semi-finals) Das Erste (Final)	Peter Urban
2016	Einsfestival, Phoenix (Semi-finals) Das Erste (Final)					[127][128]
2017	One NDR Fernsehen (SF2) Das Erste (Final)					[129]
2018	One Das Erste, Deutsche Welle (Final)					[130][131]
2019						[132][133][134][135]
2020	One Das Erste, Deutsche Welle (Final)	Peter Urban, Michael Schulte			Not announced before cancellation	[136][137]
2021	One Das Erste, Deutsche Welle (Final)	Peter Urban			Barbara Schöneberger	[138][139]
2022			Radio Eins [de] (Final)	Amelie Ernst [de] and Max Spallek [de]		[140][141][142][143][144][145]
2023	One Das Erste, DW Deutsch, DW Deutsch+ (Final)				Elton	[23][146][147]
2024	One (Semi-finals) Das Erste (Final)	Thorsten Schorn			Ina Müller	[148][24][149][150]

Other shows

Show	Commentator	Channel	Ref.
Songs of Europe		Deutsches Fernsehen	[151][152]
Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest	Peter Urban	SWR, WDR	[153]
Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits[h]		NDR, MDR, EinsFestival	[154][155]
Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light[i]	Peter Urban, Michael Schulte	Das Erste	[156]

Photo gallery

• 
  Margot Hielscher in Hilversum (1958)
• 
  Katja Ebstein in Amsterdam (1970)
• 
  Roger Cicero in Helsinki (2007)
• 
  No Angels in Belgrade (2008)
• 
  Oscar Sings in Moscow (2009)
• 
  Lena in Oslo (2010)
• 
  Lena in Düsseldorf (2011)
• 
  Roman Lob (middle) in Baku (2012)
• 
  Cascada in Malmö (2013)
• 
  Elaiza in Copenhagen (2014)
• 
  Ann Sophie in Vienna (2015)
• 
  Jamie-Lee in Stockholm (2016)
• 
  Levina in Kyiv (2017)
• 
  Michael Schulte in Lisbon (2018)
• 
  Sisters in Tel Aviv (2019)
• 
  Jendrik in Rotterdam (2021)
• 
  Lord of the Lost in Liverpool (2023)
• 
  Isaak in Malmö (2024)

See also

• Germany in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest
• Germany in the Eurovision Young Dancers
• Germany in the Eurovision Young Musicians

Notes and references

Notes

1. Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
2. The 1956 contest had secret voting and, apart from the winner, no results were released.
3. In order to reduce the number of participating countries at the 1996 event a qualifying round was held among all countries except the hosts. Germany failed to progress from this round; entries which failed to progress have subsequently been discounted by the EBU and do not feature as part of the countries' list of appearances.
4. The 2020 contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
5. All conductors are of German nationality unless otherwise noted.
6. Also conducted for Belgium, Luxembourg, and Switzerland
7. Although the song didn't actually feature the orchestra, Raab still took the conductor's bow as the song's composer, writer, and arranger.
8. Broadcast on 16 May (NDR and MDR Fernsehen) and 22 May (EinsFestival)
9. Broadcast on a one-hour delay.

References

1. Mantel, Uwe (14 May 2023). "Die Quote stimmt: "ESC" holt höchste Marktanteile seit Lena" [The rate is right: "ESC" has the highest market share since Lena]. DWDL.de. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
2. "Eurovision 1956 Results: Voting & Points". Eurovisionworld. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
3. Floras, Stella (16 December 2008). "Germany: No national final for 2009". ESCToday. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
4. "Alle deutschen ESC-Acts und ihre Titel". www.eurovision.de (in German). ARD. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
5. Saha, Roger (31 October 2024). "Stefan Raab macht den ESC zur „Chefsache"" [Stefan Raab makes the ESC a “top priority”]. rtl.de (in German). RTL Deutschland. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
6. O'Connor, John Kennedy (2005). The Eurovision Song Contest 50 Years The Official History. London: Carlton Books Limited. ISBN 1-84442-586-X.
7. Murray, Gavin (28 May 2008). "Big 4 (France: Germany; Spain; United Kingdom): May lose automatic place in Eurovision final". ESCToday. Retrieved 13 September 2008.
8. Viniker, Barry (14 September 2008). "Eurovision 'Big Four' final spots confirmed". ESCToday. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
9. "SERBIA - Svante Stockselius meets members of OGAE Serbia". Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
10. Fulton, Rick (14 May 2007). "The East V West Song Contest". Daily Record. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
11. ""Chefsache ESC": Raab sucht in vier Shows den deutschen Act" ["Chefsache ESC": [Stefan] Raab is looking for the German act in four shows]. Eurovision.de (in German). ARD/NDR. 31 October 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
12. Adams, William Lee (9 July 2015). "Poll: Who was the worst dressed Barbara Dex Award winner?". Wiwibloggs. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
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Works cited

• O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
• Roxburgh, Gordon (2020). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Four: The 1990s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-163-9.

External links

• Eurovision Club Germany
• OGAE Germany