Loading AI tools
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of monarchs who ruled over East Francia, and the Kingdom of Germany (Latin: Regnum Teutonicum), from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the collapse of the German Empire in 1918:
Seal/Portrait | Name | King | Emperor | Ended | Notes | R. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Louis II the German (Ludwig der Deutsche)[1] |
c.10 August 843 | — | 28 August 876 | Son of Emperor Louis the Pious and grandson of Charlemagne | [2] |
![]() |
Carloman (Karlmann) |
28 August 876 | — | 22 March 880 | Son of Louis the German ruled in Bavaria; from 876, also King of Italy | [3] |
Louis III the Younger (Ludwig der Jüngere) |
22 March 880 | — | 20 January 882 | Son of Louis the German ruled in East Francia, Saxony; from 880, also Bavaria | [4] | |
![]() |
Charles III the Fat (Karl der Dicke)[5] |
20 January 882 | 12 February 881 | c.17 November 887 | Son of Louis the German ruled in Alemannia, Raetia, from 882 in the entire Eastern Kingdom; from 879, also King of Italy | [6] |
![]() |
Arnulf of Carinthia (Arnulf von Kärnten) |
c.27 November 887 | 25 April 896 | 8 December 899 | Illegitimate son of Carloman | [7][8] |
![]() |
Louis IV the Child (Ludwig das Kind) |
8 December 899 | — | 24 September 911 | Son of Arnulf of Carinthia | [9][10] |
Seal/Portrait | Name | King | Emperor | Ended | Notes | R. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Henry I the Fowler (Heinrich I. der Vogler) |
14 / 24 May 919 | — | 2 July 936 | Elected by the nobility | [12] | |
![]() |
Arnulf the Evil (Arnulf der Böse) |
919 | — | 921 | Rival king to Henry I, member of the Luitpoldings |
The title "King of the Romans", used in the Holy Roman Empire, was, from the coronation of Henry II, considered equivalent to King of Germany. A king was chosen by the German electors and would then proceed to Rome to be crowned emperor by the pope.
Portrait | Name | King | Emperor | Ended | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Otto I the Great (Otto I. der Große) |
2 July 936 | 2 February 962 | 7 May 973 | Son of Henry I; first king crowned in Aachen Cathedral since Lothair I; crowned as Otto by the grace of God King;[13] crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962 |
![]() |
Otto II the Red (Otto II. der Rote) |
26 May 961 | 25 December 967 | 7 December 983 | Son of Otto I; Otto by the grace of God King[13] under his father 961–973; also crowned emperor in his father's lifetime |
![]() |
Otto III (Otto III.) |
25 December 983 | 21 May 996 | 21 January 1002 | Son of Otto II; Otto by the grace of God King[13] |
![]() |
Henry II the Saint (Heinrich II. der Heilige) |
7 June 1002 | 26 April 1014 | 13 July 1024 | Great-grandson of Henry I |
Seal/Portrait | Name | King | Emperor | Ended | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Conrad II (Konrad II.) |
8 September 1024 | 26 March 1027 | 4 June 1039 | Great-great-grandson of Otto I |
![]() |
Henry III (Heinrich III.) |
14 April 1028 | 25 December 1046 | 5 October 1056 | Son of Conrad II; King (of the Germans?)[13] under his father 1028–1039 |
![]() |
Henry IV (Heinrich IV.) |
17 July 1054 | 21 March 1084 | 31 December 1105 | Son of Henry III; King of Germany under his father, 1054–1056 |
Rudolf of Rheinfelden (Rudolf von Rheinfelden) |
15 March 1077 | — | 15 October 1080 | Rival king to Henry IV; member of the Rheinfeld. | |
![]() |
Hermann of Salm (Hermann von Salm) |
6 August 1081 | — | 28 September 1088 | Rival king to Henry IV; member of the Salm family. |
![]() |
Conrad (Konrad) |
30 May 1087 | — | 27 July 1101 | Son of Henry IV; King of Germany under his father, 1087–1098, King of Italy, 1093–1098, 1095–1101 in rebellion. |
![]() |
Henry V (Heinrich V.) |
6 January 1099 | 13 April 1111 | 23 May 1125 | Son of Henry IV; King of Germany under his father, 1099–1105, forced his father to abdicate |
Seal/Portrait | Name | King | Emperor | Ended | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Lothair III (Lothar III.) |
13 September 1125 | 4 June 1133 | 4 December 1137 | He was Lothair II of Germany, but Lothair III of Italy |
Seal/Portrait | Name | King | Emperor | Ended | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Conrad III (Konrad III.) |
7 March 1138 | — | 15 February 1152 | Grandson of Henry IV (through his mother); Previously rival king to Lothair III 1127–1135 |
Henry Berengar (Heinrich (VI.)) |
30 March 1147 | — | August? 1150 | Son of Conrad III; King of Germany under his father 1147–1150 | |
![]() |
Frederick I Barbarossa (Friedrich I. Barbarossa) |
4 March 1152 | 18 June 1155 | 10 June 1190 | Nephew of Conrad III |
![]() |
Henry VI (Heinrich VI.) |
15 August 1169 | 15 April 1191 | 28 September 1197 | Son of Frederick I; King of Germany under his father 1169–1190 |
![]() |
Frederick II (Friedrich II.) |
1197 | — | 1197 | Son of Henry VI; King of Germany under his father, 1196 |
![]() |
Philip of Swabia (Philipp von Schwaben) |
8 March 1198 | — | 21 June 1208 | Son of Frederick I; rival king to Otto IV |
![]() |
Otto IV (Otto IV.) |
9 June 1198 | 21 October 1209 | 1215 | Great grandson of Lothair III, member of the House of Welf; later opposed by Frederick II; deposed, 1215; died 19 May 1218 |
![]() |
Frederick II (Friedrich II.) |
5 December 1212 | 22 November 1220 | 26 December 1250 | Son of Henry VI; Rival king to Otto IV until 5 July 1215 |
![]() |
Henry (Heinrich (VII.)) |
April 1220 | — | 2 July 1235 | Son of Frederick II; King of Germany under his father, 1220–1235 |
![]() |
Conrad IV (Konrad IV.) |
February 1237 | — | 21 May 1254 | Son of Frederick II; King of Germany under his father, 1237–1250 |
Image | Coat of arms | Name | House | King | Emperor | Ended | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
![]() |
Henry Raspe (Heinrich Raspe) |
Thuringia | 22 May 1246 | — | 16 February 1247 | Rival King to Frederick II and great-great-great grandson of Henry IV |
![]() |
![]() |
William of Holland (Wilhelm von Holland) |
Holland | 3 October 1247 | — | 28 January 1256 | Rival King to
Frederick II and Conrad IV 1247–1254 |
![]() |
![]() |
Richard of Cornwall (Richard von Cornwall) |
Plantagenet | 13 January 1257 | — | 2 April 1272 | Brother-in-law of Frederick II rival king to Alfonso of Castile held no real authority. |
![]() |
![]() |
Alfonso of Castile (Alfons von Kastilien) |
House of Ivrea | 1 April 1257 | — | 1275 | Grandson of Philip; rival king to Richard of Cornwall held no authority; later opposed by Rudolf I relinquished claims 1275, died 1284 |
Image | Coat of arms | Name | House | King | Emperor | Ended | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
![]() |
Rudolf I (Rudolf I. von Habsburg) |
Habsburg | 29 September 1273 | — | 15 July 1291 | First of the Habsburgs |
![]() |
Adolf of Nassau (Adolf von Nassau) |
Nassau | 5 May 1292 | — | 23 June 1298 | According to some historians, Adolf's election was preceded by the short-lived kingship of Conrad, Duke of Teck. See his article for details. | |
![]() |
![]() |
Albert I (Albrecht I. von Habsburg) |
Habsburg | 24 June 1298 | — | 1 May 1308 | Son of Rudolf I; Rival king to Adolf of Nassau, 1298 |
![]() |
![]() |
Henry VII (Heinrich VII.) |
Luxembourg | 27 November 1308 | 29 June 1312 | 24 August 1313 | Holy Roman Emperor |
![]() |
![]() |
Louis IV (V) the Bavarian (Ludwig der Bayer) |
Wittelsbach | 20 October 1314 | 17 January 1328 | 11 October 1347 | Grandson of Rudolf I; rival king to Frederick the Fair, 1314–1322 |
![]() |
![]() |
Frederick the Fair (Friedrich der Schöne) |
Habsburg | 19 October 1314/ 5 September 1325 |
— | 28 September 1322/ 13 January 1330 |
Son of Albert I; rival king to Louis IV, 1314–1322; associate king with Louis IV, 1325–1330 |
![]() |
![]() |
Charles IV (Karl IV.) |
Luxembourg | 11 July 1346 | 5 April 1355 | 29 November 1378 | Grandson of Henry VII; rival king to Louis IV, 1346–1347; also King of Bohemia, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor |
![]() |
![]() |
Günther von Schwarzburg (Günther von Schwarzburg) |
Schwarzburg | 30 January 1349 | — | 24 May 1349 | Rival king to Charles IV |
![]() |
![]() |
Wenceslaus (Wenzel von Böhmen) |
Luxembourg | 10 June 1376 | — | 20 August 1400 | Son of Charles IV; king of Germany under his father 1376–1378; deposed 1400; also by inheritance King of Bohemia; died 1419 |
![]() |
![]() |
Rupert of the Palatinate (Ruprecht von der Pfalz) |
Wittelsbach | 21 August 1400 | — | 18 May 1410 | Great-grandnephew of Louis IV |
![]() |
![]() |
Sigismund (Sigismund) |
Luxembourg | 10 September 1410 /21 July 1411 |
3 May 1433 | 9 December 1437 | Son of Charles IV |
![]() |
![]() |
Jobst of Moravia (Jobst von Mähren) |
Luxembourg | 1 October 1410 | — | 8 January 1411 | Nephew of Charles IV; rival king to Sigismund |
Image | Coat of arms | Name | King | Emperor | Ended | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
![]() |
Albert II (Albrecht II.) |
18 March 1438 | — | 27 October 1439 | 4th in descent from Albert I; son-in-law of Sigismund |
![]() |
![]() |
Frederick III (Friedrich III.) |
2 February 1440 | 16 March 1452 | 19 August 1493 | 4th in descent from Albert I; 2nd cousin of Albert II |
![]() |
![]() |
Maximilian I (Maximilian I.) |
16 February 1486 | 4 February 1508 | 12 January 1519 | Son of Frederick III; King of Germany under his father, 1486–1493; assumed the title "Elected Emperor" in 1508 with the pope's approval |
![]() |
![]() |
Charles V (Karl V.) |
28 June 1519 | 28 June 1519 | 3 August 1556 | Grandson of Maximilian I; died 21 September 1558. Last Emperor to receive the imperial coronation from the Pope. |
![]() |
![]() |
Ferdinand I (Ferdinand I.) |
5 January 1531 | 27 August 1556 | 25 July 1564 | Grandson of Maximilian I; brother of Charles V; King of Germany under his brother Charles V 1531–1556; last king to be crowned in Aachen Cathedral. Emperor |
![]() |
![]() |
Maximilian II (Maximilian II.) |
22 November 1562 | 25 July 1564 | 12 October 1576 | Son of Ferdinand I; King of Germany under his father 1562–1564 |
![]() |
![]() |
Rudolf II (Rudolf II.) |
27 October 1575 | 12 October 1576 | 20 January 1612 | Son of Maximilian II; King of Germany under his father, 1575–1576 |
![]() |
![]() |
Matthias (Matthias) |
13 June 1612 | 13 June 1612 | 20 March 1619 | Son of Maximilian II |
![]() |
![]() |
Ferdinand II (Ferdinand II.) |
28 August 1619 | 28 August 1619 | 15 February 1637 | Grandson of Ferdinand I |
![]() |
![]() |
Ferdinand III (Ferdinand III.) |
22 December 1636 | 15 February 1637 | 2 April 1657 | Son of Ferdinand II; King of Germany under his father 1636–1637 |
![]() |
![]() |
Ferdinand IV (Ferdinand IV.) |
31 May 1653 | — | 9 July 1654 | Son of Ferdinand III; King of Germany under his father |
![]() |
![]() |
Leopold I (Leopold I.) |
18 July 1658 | 18 July 1658 | 5 May 1705 | Son of Ferdinand III |
![]() |
Joseph I (Joseph I.) |
23 January 1690 | 5 May 1705 | 17 April 1711 | Son of Leopold I; King of Germany under his father 1690–1705 | |
![]() |
![]() |
Charles VI (Karl VI.) |
12 October 1711 | 12 October 1711 | 20 October 1740 | Son of Leopold I |
![]() |
![]() |
Charles VII (Karl VII.) |
24 January 1742 | 24 January 1742 | 20 January 1745 | Member of the House of Wittelsbach. Great-great-grandson of Ferdinand II; Husband of Maria Amalia, daughter of Joseph I |
![]() |
![]() |
Francis I (Franz I.) |
13 September 1745 | 13 September 1745 | 18 August 1765 | Husband of Maria Theresa I |
![]() |
![]() |
Joseph II (Joseph II.) |
27 March 1764 | 18 August 1765 | 20 February 1790 | Son of Maria Theresa I and Francis I; King of Germany under his mother and father 1764–1765 |
![]() |
![]() |
Leopold II (Leopold II.) |
30 September 1790 | 30 September 1790 | 1 March 1792 | Son of Maria Theresa I and Francis I |
![]() |
![]() |
Francis II (Franz II.) |
5 July 1792 | 5 July 1792 | 6 August 1806 | Son of Leopold II; Dissolved the Holy Roman Empire; also Emperor of Austria 1804–1835; President of the German Confederation (1815-1835), died 1835 |
Name | Portrait | Title | House | Began | Ended |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Napoleon I Emperor of the French King of Italy |
![]() |
Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine | ![]() Bonaparte |
12 July 1806 | 19 October 1813 |
Karl Theodor von Dalberg, Prince-Archbishop of Regensburg Grand Duke of Frankfurt |
![]() |
Prince-primate of the Confederation of the Rhine |
![]() Dalberg |
25 July 1806 | 26 October 1813 |
Eugène de Beauharnais, Grand Duke of Frankfurt |
![]() |
Prince-primate of the Confederation of the Rhine |
![]() Beauharnais |
26 October 1813 | December 1813 |
Name | Portrait | Title | House | Began | Ended |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Francis I, Emperor of Austria (Franz I., Kaiser von Österreich) |
![]() |
Head of the presiding power
(Präsidialmacht) Austria[14] |
![]() Habsburg-Lorraine |
20 June 1815 | 2 March 1835 |
Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria (Ferdinand I., Kaiser von Österreich) |
![]() |
Head of the presiding power (Präsidialmacht) Austria[14] |
![]() Habsburg-Lorraine |
2 March 1835 | 12 July 1848 |
Archduke John of Austria (Erzherzog Johann von Österreich) |
![]() |
Regent (Reichsverweser) of the revolutionary German Empire[15] |
![]() Habsburg-Lorraine |
12 July 1848 | 20 December 1849 |
Frederick William IV, King of Prussia (Friedrich Wilhelm IV., König von Preußen) |
![]() |
Emperor of the Germans elect[16] | ![]() Hohenzollern |
28 March 1849 | 28 April 1849 |
Presidium of the Union (Unionsvorstand) of the Erfurt Union[17] |
26 May 1849 | 29 November 1850 | |||
Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (Franz Joseph I., Kaiser von Österreich) |
![]() |
Head of the presiding power (Präsidialmacht) Austria |
![]() Habsburg-Lorraine |
1 May 1850 | 24 August 1866 |
Name | Portrait | Title | House | Began | Ended |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (Wilhelm I, König von Preußen) |
Holder of the Bundespräsidium of the North German Confederation |
![]() Hohenzollern |
1 July 1867 | 1 January 1871[18] |
Name | Portrait | House | Began | Ended |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wilhelm I Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig |
![]() Hohenzollern |
1 January 1871[18] | 9 March 1888 | |
Friedrich III Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl |
![]() |
![]() Hohenzollern |
9 March 1888 | 15 June 1888 |
Wilhelm II Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert |
![]() |
![]() Hohenzollern |
15 June 1888 | 28 November 1918[19] |
Emperors are listed in bold. Rival kings, anti-kings, and junior co-regents are italicized.
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.