GOES-2, known as GOES-B before becoming operational, was a geostationary weather satellite which was operated by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as part of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite system.[4] GOES-2 was built by Ford Aerospace, and was based on the satellite bus developed for the Synchronous Meteorological Satellite programme. At launch it had a mass of 295 kilograms (650 lb).[5] It was positioned in geostationary orbit, from where it was used for weather forecasting in the United States. Following its retirement as a weather satellite, it was used as a communications satellite until its final decommissioning in 2001.
Mission type | Weather satellite |
---|---|
Operator | NOAA / NASA |
COSPAR ID | 1977-048A |
SATCAT no. | 10061 |
Mission duration | 24 years |
Spacecraft properties | |
Spacecraft type | SMS |
Manufacturer | Ford Aerospace |
Launch mass | 295 kilograms (650 lb) |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 16 June 1977, 10:51:00 UTC |
Rocket | Delta 2914 |
Launch site | Cape Canaveral LC-17B |
Contractor | McDonnell Douglas |
End of mission | |
Disposal | Decommissioned |
Deactivated | 5 May 2001, 21:08 UTC |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric |
Regime | Geostationary |
Longitude | 75° West (1977-1978) 100-110° West (1978-1984) 112-114° West (1984-1990) 60° West (1990-1992) 135° West (1992-1995) 177° West (1995-2001)[1][2] |
Perigee altitude | 35,972 kilometres (22,352 mi) |
Apogee altitude | 36,094 kilometres (22,428 mi) |
Inclination | 13.7696º |
Period | 24 hours |
Epoch | 17 May 2016, 10:12:31 UTC[3] |
GOES-B was launched using a Delta 2914 carrier rocket flying from Launch Complex 17B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.[2] The launch occurred at 10:51:00 GMT on 16 June 1977.[6] The launch successfully placed GOES-B into a geostationary transfer orbit, from which it raised itself to geostationary orbit by means of an onboard SVM-5 apogee motor. Its insertion into geosynchronous orbit occurred at 03:26 GMT on 17 June.[1]
Following on-orbit testing, GOES-B was redesignated GOES-2, and replaced SMS-1 at a longitude of 60 degrees west. It was operated as a weather satellite at several different positions until 1993, and was then placed into storage. It was reactivated as a communications satellite in 1995, and moved to 177° West. It was used by Peacesat to provide communications services to islands in the Pacific Ocean, a role in which it was replaced by GOES 7 in 1999, and by the US National Science Foundation for communications with the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station. On 5 May 2001, it was retired to a graveyard orbit. At 21:08 GMT, two hours after the last manoeuvre to remove it from geosynchronous orbit, GOES-2 was commanded to deactivate its communications system, preventing future ground commands being sent to it.
See also
References
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