Francesco de' Pazzi

Francesco de' Pazzi (28 January 1444 – 26 April 1478) was a Florentine banker, a member of the Pazzi noble family, and one of the instigators of the Pazzi conspiracy, a plot to displace the Medici family as rulers of the Florentine Republic. His uncle, Jacopo de' Pazzi, was one of the main organizers of the conspiracy.^[1]

Francesco de' Pazzi
Francesco de' Pazzi (left) stabbing Giuliano de' Medici to death during the Pazzi conspiracy
Coat of arms
Born	28 January 1444 Florence, Republic of Florence
Died	26 April 1478(1478-04-26) (aged 34) Florence, Republic of Florence
Cause of death	Death by hanging
Noble family	Pazzi
Occupation	Banker

On 26 April 1478, Easter Sunday, there was an attempt to assassinate Lorenzo de' Medici and his brother and co-ruler Giuliano while both were attending High Mass at the Santa Maria del Fiore cathedral in Florence. Giuliano was murdered by Francesco and Bernardo Baroncelli, who inflicted a fatal sword wound to the head before stabbing him 19 times; however, Lorenzo survived the attack, having been merely wounded by the other conspirators.^[2][3] Francesco then returned to his uncle's villa, where the latter found him with a wound in one leg, reportedly self-inflicted during the attack.^[4]

Shortly after the failure of the Pazzi conspiracy, most of the people involved were hunted down and killed. Francesco was taken from his bed and dragged through the streets of Florence by an angry mob before ultimately being hanged from the Palazzo della Signoria, next to the decomposing body of fellow conspirator Francesco Salviati. His uncle Jacopo would soon meet the same fate.^[5]

In popular culture

Francesco de' Pazzi was sung by bass Ludovico Contini in the first performance of Leoncavallo's 1893 opera I Medici.^[6][7]

Francesco appears as an antagonist in the video game Assassin's Creed II, voiced by Andreas Apergis.^[8] In the game, he has a son named Vieri and is a member of the Templar Order, who are depicted as the orchestrators of the Pazzi conspiracy.^[9] Both characters are killed by the protagonist Ezio Auditore, who saved Lorenzo de' Medici during the assassination attempt.

Elliot Levey portrayed Francesco de' Pazzi in TV series Da Vinci's Demons.^[10]

Francesco is referenced in the film Hannibal, when Hannibal Lecter meets a modern-day descendant of the Pazzi family, Chief Inspector Rinaldo Pazzi. Rinaldo tries to capture Lecter to collect a large reward; however, he meets a similar fate to his ancestors when Lecter disembowels and hangs him from a balcony.

Francesco appears in the second season of Medici: Masters of Florence, played by Matteo Martari.^[11]

References

1. Jensen, De Lamar (1992). Renaissance Europe: Age of Recovery and Reconciliation (2nd ed.). Lexington, Massachusetts: D. C. Heath and Company. p. 80. doi:10.2307/3167078. ISBN 9780669200072. JSTOR 3167078. OCLC 25171924.
2. Smedley, Edward; James, Hugh James; Rose, Henry John (1845). Encyclopaedia Metropolitana; Or, Universal Dictionary of Knowledge on an Original Plan Comprising the Twofold Advantage of a Philosophical and an Alphabetical Arrangement, with Appropriate Engravings. B. Fellowes. p. 272.
3. Koestler-Grack, Rachel A. (1974). Joseph, Michael (ed.). Leonardo Da Vinci: Artist, Inventor, and Renaissance Man. Infobase Publishing. p. 152. ISBN 978-0791086261.
4. Kohl, Witt & Welles 1978, p. 315.
5. Hibbert, Christopher (6 December 2001) [1 January 1974]. The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin UK. p. 141. ISBN 0140050906.
6. Casaglia, Gherardo (2005)."I Medici, 9 November 1893". L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian).
7. Farr, Robert J. (August 2010). "Review – Leoncavallo – I Medici". MusicWeb International. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
8. Castaño Ruiz, Clara (18 October 2015). "Assassin's Creed: 10 momentos históricos de la saga". Hobby Consolas (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 May 2018.
9. Makedonski, Brett (14 November 2016). "The Ezio Collection represents some of the best and the worst for Assassin's Creed". Destructoid. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
10. Hale, Mike (11 April 2013). "The He-Man Who Gave Mona Lisa That Smile". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
11. Spencer, Samuel (26 January 2019). "Medici family tree: How are the new characters related to season 1?". Daily Express. Retrieved 26 February 2019.

Works cited

• Kohl, Benjamin G.; Witt, Ronald Gene; Welles, Elizabeth B. (1978). "The Pazzi Conspiracy". In Poliziano, Angelo (ed.). The Earthly Republic: Italian Humanists on Government and Society. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812210972.

External links

• Media related to Francesco de' Pazzi at Wikimedia Commons