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A soccer-specific stadium, mainly in the United States and Canada,[1] is a sports stadium either purpose-built or fundamentally redesigned for soccer and whose primary function is to host soccer matches, as opposed to a multi-purpose stadium which is for a variety of sports. A soccer-specific stadium may host other sporting events (such as lacrosse, American football and rugby) and concerts, but the design and purpose of a soccer-specific stadium is primarily for soccer. Some facilities (for example SeatGeek Stadium, Toyota Stadium and Historic Crew Stadium) have a permanent stage at one end of the stadium used for staging concerts.
A soccer-specific stadium typically has amenities, dimensions and scale suitable for soccer in North America, including a scoreboard, video screen, luxury suites and possibly a roof. The field dimensions are within the range found optimal by FIFA: 110–120 yards (100–110 m) long by 70–80 yards (64–75 m) wide.[2] These soccer field dimensions are wider than the regulation American football field width of 53+1⁄3 yards (48.8 m), or the 65-yard (59 m) width of a Canadian football field. The playing surface typically consists of grass as opposed to artificial turf, as the latter is generally disfavored for soccer matches since players are more susceptible to injuries.[3] However, some soccer-specific stadiums, such as Portland's Providence Park and Creighton University's Morrison Stadium, do have artificial turf.
The seating capacity is generally between 18,000 and 30,000 for a Major League Soccer franchise,[4] or smaller for college or minor league soccer teams. This is in comparison to the much larger American football stadiums that mostly range between 60,000 and 80,000 in which the original North American Soccer League teams played and most MLS teams occupied during the league's inception.[5] As opposed to gridiron-style football stadiums, where the front row of seats is elevated several feet above the field of play to allow spectators to see over the heads of substitute players and coaches on the sidelines, soccer-specific venues typically have the front row closer to the level of the pitch.[6][7]
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In the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, first-division professional soccer leagues in the United States, such as the North American Soccer League and Major League Soccer, primarily used American football fields, many of which were oversized in terms of seating capacity and undersized in terms of the width of the soccer field; they often used artificial turf (none of which, at the time, were approved for international soccer under FIFA rules).[citation needed] Although many of the baseball parks had smaller capacities, natural grass, and a wider field, these parks were generally in use during summer, when North American–based soccer leagues, such as Major League Soccer, also hold their seasons, and the irregular field dimensions and sightlines were often considered undesirable.
Soccer-specific stadiums first came into use in the 1990s, after the multi-purpose stadium era.[8][9]
The term "soccer-specific stadium" was coined by Lamar Hunt, who financed the construction of Columbus Crew Stadium, the first soccer-specific stadium constructed specifically for Major League Soccer.[8] In the 2000s, other Major League Soccer teams in the United States began constructing their own stadiums. Canada's first soccer-specific stadium was BMO Field in Toronto, home to Toronto FC. This stadium was renovated to accommodate Canadian football for the 2016 and subsequent seasons.[10] The distinction is less prominent in Canada, where MLS's attendance figures are comparable to those of the domestic Canadian Football League, and the CFL's wider field means fewer compromises must be made to accommodate both; Tim Hortons Field was built purposely to both soccer specifications and CFL regulations. Of the three Canadian cities that host both MLS and CFL teams, only one (Montreal) has separate stadiums for each.
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Current MLS soccer-specific stadiums
Under construction
| Stadium | Club(s) | City | Proposed capacity | Potential opening date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miami Freedom Park | Inter Miami CF | Miami, Florida | 25,000 | 2026 |
| Etihad Park | New York City FC | Queens, New York | 25,000 | 2027 |
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Current NWSL soccer-specific stadiums
| Stadium | Club(s) | City | Capacity | Opened |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audi Field | Washington Spirit | Washington, D.C. | 20,000 | 2018 |
| BMO Stadium | Angel City FC | Los Angeles, California | 22,000 | 2018 |
| CPKC Stadium | Kansas City Current | Kansas City, Missouri | 11,500 | 2024 |
| Inter&Co Stadium | Orlando Pride | Orlando, Florida | 25,500 | 2017 |
| Lynn Family Stadium | Racing Louisville FC | Louisville, Kentucky | 11,700 | 2021 |
| Shell Energy Stadium | Houston Dash | Houston, Texas | 22,039 | 2012 |
| Providence Park | Portland Thorns FC | Portland, Oregon | 25,218 | 2011 |
| SeatGeek Stadium | Chicago Red Stars | Bridgeview, Illinois | 20,000 | 2006 |
| Sports Illustrated Stadium | NJ/NY Gotham FC | Harrison, New Jersey | 25,000 | 2010 |
| WakeMed Soccer Park | North Carolina Courage | Cary, North Carolina | 10,000 | 2002 |
Current USLC and USL1 soccer-specific stadiums
All USL Championship teams and USL League One teams will be required to play in self-owned, soccer-specific stadiums by the 2022 season. The following is a list of current USL stadiums that are soccer-specific stadiums:
Stadiums under construction
| Stadium | Club(s) | City | Planned capacity | Potential opening date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eleven Park | Indy Eleven | Indianapolis, Indiana | 20,000 | 2025 |
| Tidewater Landing Stadium | Rhode Island FC | Providence, Rhode Island | 10,500 | 2025 |
Proposed USL soccer-specific stadiums
| Stadium | Club(s) | City | Proposed capacity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pro Iowa Stadium | USL Pro Iowa | Des Moines, Iowa | 6,100 |
| Iron District Stadium | USL Milwaukee | Milwaukee, Wisconsin | 8,000 |
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Past soccer-specific stadiums
| Stadium | Club(s) | City | Capacity | Opened | Years used | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark's Stadium | Fall River F.C. | Tiverton (CDP), Rhode Island | 15,000 | 1922 | 1922–1950s | vacant grass lot |
| Kennesaw State University Stadium | Kennesaw State Owls | Kennesaw, Georgia | 8,318 | 2010 | 2010–present | converted to a multi-purpose stadium in 2015 after Kennesaw State University launched their football program |
| Lockhart Stadium | Miami Fusion, Fort Lauderdale Strikers | Fort Lauderdale, FL | 17,417 | 1959 | 1959–2019 | converted to a SSS in 1998 for the Miami Fusion's expansion year, torn down in 2019 to make way for Chase Stadium |
The term "football-specific stadium" is sometimes used in countries where the sport is known as football rather than soccer, although the term is not common in countries where association football is the dominant sport and thus football-specific stadiums are quite common. The term tends to have a slightly different meaning in these countries, usually referring to a stadium without an athletics track surrounding the field.[11][12] Some soccer stadiums in Europe are also used for other sports, including rugby, American football, and field hockey. The problem with oversized stadiums designed for another sport is particularly visible in European American football leagues and conflicts between teams sharing the stadium (a notable example are Eintracht Braunschweig and the Braunschweig Lions which share a stadium) and (often municipal) owners of the stadiums sometimes arise, leading to attempts at single sport-specific venues.[13]
In Australia the term has much the same meaning as that in the United States. The dominance of Australian rules football in the southern states means that unlike in New South Wales and Queensland, rectangular stadiums and grounds capable of hosting top level A-League soccer are rare. Hindmarsh Stadium in Adelaide, South Australia is an example of such a soccer-specific stadium, being built in the 1960s and progressively updated, the vast majority of matches played there are soccer, with very rare Rugby League or Rugby Union games. The Wyndham City Stadium and Wyndham Regional Football Facility are also examples. Many of the lower tier state league clubs own their own venues which also qualify as soccer specific.
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- Was made soccer-specific following renovations in 2011. Previously used for football and baseball.
- Almost exclusively as a baseball park for over 60 years. However, since the Rowdies moved to the facility in 2011, it has been reconfigured to better host soccer.
- The stadium was originally built in 1983 for the Las Vegas Stars and Las Vegas 51s baseball team. It is currently being renovated into a soccer-specific stadium with baseball moved to Las Vegas Ballpark.
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