1922 Picardie mid-air collision

The 1922 Picardie mid-air collision took place on 7 April 1922 over Picardie, France, involving British and French passenger-carrying biplanes. The midair collision occurred in foggy conditions. A British aircraft flying from Croydon to Paris with only mail on board collided with a French aircraft flying three passengers from Paris to Croydon, which resulted in seven deaths.

1922 Picardie mid-air collision

Accident
Date	7 April 1922
Summary	Mid-air collision in fog
Site	Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, Picardie, France 49°38′00″N 01°56′49″E
Total fatalities	7 (all)
Total survivors	0
First aircraft
A Farman F-60 similar to the accident aircraft
Type	Farman F.60
Name	Goliath
Operator	Compagnie des Grands Express Aériens (CGEA)
Registration	F-GEAD
Flight origin	Le Bourget Airport
Destination	Croydon Airport
Passengers	3
Crew	2
Fatalities	5
Survivors	0
Second aircraft
A de Havilland DH-18A similar to the accident aircraft
Type	de Havilland DH.18A
Operator	Daimler Hire Limited
Registration	G-EAWO
Flight origin	Croydon
Destination	Le Bourget Airport
Passengers	0
Crew	2
Fatalities	2
Survivors	0

Background

Following World War I, there was a steep decline in demand for military aircraft and their pilots. Like other countries, France and Britain turned to establishing a civilian air industry, initially converting military designs to domestic purposes.

The first Airco-designed aircraft for airline work after World War I was the de Havilland DH.18A. One aircraft owned by the Air Ministry (registration G-EAWO), was transferred from Instone Air Line to Daimler Hire Limited for operation on the Croydon-Paris route until the three de Havilland DH.34s which Daimler had on order could be delivered.^[1] The service commenced that week on 2 April 1922.

The French company Compagnie des Grands Express Aériens (CGEA) was operating a Farman F.60 Goliath (registration F-GEAD) on a daily service from Le Bourget to Croydon.^[1]

The flight

On 7 April 1922, four days after Daimler Hire commenced operations with the DH.18A, G-EAWO was flying mail from Croydon bound for Le Bourget, Paris, with only the pilot (Lieutenant R. E. Duke) and a boy steward (Hesterman) aboard. Meanwhile, the Goliath (F-GEAD) piloted by M. Mire had departed Le Bourget with three passengers and a mechanic.^[2] The three passengers were an American couple, Christopher Bruce Yule and the new Mrs. Mary Yule, who were on their honeymoon, and a French national, Monsieur Bouriez.^[1]

Following the normal route in drizzle and fog at an altitude of 150 m (492 ft), the DH.18A collided with the Goliath over Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine, 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Grandvilliers in the Oise department (now part of Picardie), France, some 27 kilometres (17 mi) north of Beauvais^[1][3] and some 70 miles (110 km) north of Paris. All seven people died in the first-ever mid-air collision between airliners.^[4][5]

The weather was misty with poor visibility. The two aircraft suddenly encountered each other in the mist, neither having time to take evasive action. During the collision the DH.18 lost a wing and the tail, and impacted first, with the Goliath crashing a few minutes later. Although people on the ground quickly reached the scene, all were found to be dead except for the boy steward, who was badly injured. He was taken to the nearby village, but died of his injuries.^[2] Early reports claimed the British pilot was the survivor.^[1]

Aftermath

Following the accident, a meeting was held at Croydon Airport by representatives of Compagnie des Grands Express Aériens, Compagnie des Messageries Aériennes, Daimler Airway, Handley Page Transport, Instone Air Line and KLM, as well as two representatives from the Air Ministry and various pilots employed by the companies. Among the resolutions passed at the meeting were that "keep to the right" was to become the universal rule of the air, new airliners should provide a clear view ahead for the pilot, and that all airliners should be equipped with radio. Clearly defined air routes were to be introduced in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.^[6]

See also

• List of notable mid-air collisions
• List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
• October 1926 Air Union Blériot 155 crash – First mid-air fire on an airliner

References

1. "Americans Die in French Air Crash" The New York Times. 8 April 1922.
2. "London-Paris machines collide". Flight: 215. 13 April 1922. Retrieved 29 March 2007.
3. Jackson, Aubrey Joseph (1973). British Civil Aircraft since 1919, Vol. 2. London: Putnam. OCLC 59161340.
4. "DH.18 from jnpassieux.chez-alice.fr" (in French). Retrieved 9 December 2007.
5. "APPENDIX B – Previous significant midair occurrences" (PDF), Review of ACAS RA Downlink, eurocontrol.int, p. 20 (page 26 of document), archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2007, retrieved 7 December 2007
6. "Airway Rules". The Times. No. 43006. London. 15 April 1922. col E, p. 12.