List of first ladies of the United States

The first lady of the United States is the hostess of the White House. The position is traditionally filled by the wife of the president of the United States, but, on occasion, the title has been applied to women who were not presidents' wives, such as when the president was a bachelor or widower, or when the wife of the president was unable to fulfill the duties of the first lady. The first lady is not an elected position; it carries no official duties and receives no salary. Nonetheless, she attends many official ceremonies and functions of state either along with or in place of the president. Traditionally, the first lady does not hold outside employment while occupying the office,^[1] although Eleanor Roosevelt earned money writing and giving lectures, but gave most of it to charity,^[2] and Jill Biden has maintained her regular job as an educator during her time in the role.^[3] The first lady has her own staff, including the White House social secretary, the chief of staff, the press secretary, the chief floral designer, and the executive chef. The Office of the First Lady is also in charge of all social and ceremonial events of the White House, and is a branch of the Executive Office of the President.

First Lady of the United States of America
Currently in role Jill Biden since January 20, 2021
Style	Madam First Lady
Residence	White House
Inaugural holder	Martha Washington
Website	First Ladies

There have been total of 54 first ladies including 43 official and 11 acting, within 46 first ladyships. This discrepancy exists because some presidents had multiple first ladies. Following Joe Biden's inauguration on January 20, 2021, his wife, Jill Biden, became the 43rd official first lady.

There are four living former first ladies: Hillary Clinton, married to Bill Clinton; Laura Bush, married to George W. Bush; Michelle Obama, married to Barack Obama; and Melania Trump, married to Donald Trump. The most recent first lady to die was Rosalynn Carter, married to Jimmy Carter. The first first lady was Martha Washington, married to George Washington. Presidents John Tyler and Woodrow Wilson had two official first ladies; both remarried during their presidential tenures. The wives of four presidents died before their husbands were sworn into office but are still considered first ladies by the White House and National First Ladies' Library: Martha Wayles Skelton, married to Thomas Jefferson;^[4][5] Rachel Jackson, married to Andrew Jackson;^[6][7] Hannah Van Buren, married to Martin Van Buren;^[8][9] and Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur, married to Chester A. Arthur.^[10][11] One woman who was not married to a president is still considered an official first lady: Harriet Lane, niece of bachelor James Buchanan. The other non-spousal relatives who served as White House hostesses are not recognized by the First Ladies' Library.

In 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the first ladies on the obverse.^[12] When a president served without a spouse, a gold coin was issued that bears an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era and a reverse image emblematic of themes of that president's life. This is true for the coins for Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan's first ladies, but not the coin for Chester A. Arthur's first lady, which instead depicts suffragette Alice Paul.^[13]

Current living first ladies

Living first ladies as of December 2024^[update] (from oldest to youngest):

• 
  Laura Bush
  (2001–2009)
  Born (1946-11-04)November 4, 1946
  (age 78 years, 42 days)
• 
  Hillary Clinton
  (1993–2001)
  Born (1947-10-26)October 26, 1947
  (age 77 years, 51 days)
• 
  Jill Biden
  (2021–present)
  Born (1951-06-03)June 3, 1951
  (age 73 years, 196 days)
• 
  Michelle Obama
  (2009–2017)
  Born (1964-01-17)January 17, 1964
  (age 60 years, 334 days)
• 
  Melania Trump
  (2017–2021)
  Born (1970-04-26)April 26, 1970
  (age 54 years, 234 days)^[14]

List

This list includes all persons who served as first ladies, regardless of whether they were married to the incumbent president or not, as well as persons who are considered first ladies by the official White House website and the White House Historical Association. It is sorted by the name the first ladies were commonly known as.

POTUS No.	Portrait	Name	Tenure	Age at tenure start	President (Husband, unless noted)
1		Martha Washington June 2, 1731 – May 22, 1802 (aged 70) [15][16]	April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797	57 years, 321 days	George Washington m. January 6, 1759
2		Abigail Adams November 22, 1744 – October 28, 1818 (aged 73) [17][18]	March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801	52 years, 102 days	John Adams m. October 25, 1764
3		Martha Jefferson September 27, 1772 – October 10, 1836 (aged 64) [4][5]	March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809	28 years, 158 days	Thomas Jefferson Father [A]
4		Dolley Madison May 20, 1768 – July 12, 1849 (aged 81) [19][20]	March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817	40 years, 288 days	James Madison m. September 14, 1794
5		Elizabeth Monroe June 30, 1768 – September 23, 1830 (aged 62) [21][22]	March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825	48 years, 247 days	James Monroe m. February 16, 1786
6		Louisa Adams Birth country:  Great Britain (present day  United Kingdom) February 12, 1775 – May 15, 1852 (aged 77) [23][24]	March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829	50 years, 20 days	John Quincy Adams m. July 26, 1797
7		Emily Donelson June 1, 1807 – December 19, 1836 (aged 29) [25]	March 4, 1829 – November 26, 1834	21 years, 276 days	Andrew Jackson Uncle-in-law
		Sarah Jackson July 16, 1803 – August 23, 1887 (aged 84) [26]	November 26, 1834 – March 4, 1837	31 years, 133 days	Andrew Jackson Father-in-law
8	Vacant		March 4, 1837 – November 27, 1838	Vacant	Martin Van Buren Widower
		Sarah Van Buren February 13, 1818 – December 29, 1877 (aged 59) [8][9]	November 27, 1838 – March 4, 1841	20 years, 287 days	Martin Van Buren Father-in-law
9		Anna Harrison July 25, 1775 – February 25, 1864 (aged 88) [27][28]	March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841	65 years, 222 days	William Henry Harrison m. November 25, 1795
		Jane Harrison July 23, 1804 – May 11, 1847 (aged 42) [28]	March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841	36 years, 224 days	William Henry Harrison Father-in-law
10		Letitia Tyler November 12, 1790 – September 10, 1842 (aged 51) [29][30]	April 4, 1841 – September 10, 1842 †	50 years, 143 days	John Tyler m. (1813-03-29)March 29, 1813
		Priscilla Tyler June 14, 1816 – December 29, 1889 (aged 73) [31]	September 10, 1842 – June 26, 1844	26 years, 88 days	John Tyler Father-in-law [B]
		Julia Tyler May 4, 1820 – July 10, 1889 (aged 69) [32][33]	June 26, 1844 – March 4, 1845	24 years, 53 days	John Tyler m. June 26, 1844 Married while president
11		Sarah Polk September 4, 1803 – August 14, 1891 (aged 87) [34][35]	March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849	41 years, 181 days	James K. Polk m. January 1, 1824
12		Margaret "Peggy" Taylor September 21, 1788 – August 14, 1852 (aged 63) [36][37]	March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850	60 years, 164 days	Zachary Taylor m. June 21, 1810
13		Abigail Fillmore March 13, 1798 – March 30, 1853 (aged 55) [38][39]	July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853	52 years, 118 days	Millard Fillmore m. February 5, 1826
14		Jane Pierce March 12, 1806 – December 2, 1863 (aged 57) [40][41]	March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857	46 years, 357 days	Franklin Pierce m. November 19, 1834
15		Harriet Lane May 9, 1830 – July 3, 1903 (aged 73) [42][43]	March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861	26 years, 299 days	James Buchanan Uncle
16		Mary Lincoln December 13, 1818 – July 16, 1882 (aged 63) [44][45]	March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865	42 years, 81 days	Abraham Lincoln m. November 4, 1842
17		Eliza Johnson October 4, 1810 – January 15, 1876 (aged 65) [46][47]	April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869	54 years, 193 days	Andrew Johnson m. May 17, 1827
18		Julia Grant January 26, 1826 – December 14, 1902 (aged 76) [48][49]	March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877	43 years, 37 days	Ulysses S. Grant m. August 22, 1848
19		Lucy Hayes August 28, 1831 – June 25, 1889 (aged 57) [50][51]	March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881	45 years, 188 days	Rutherford B. Hayes m. December 30, 1852
20		Lucretia Garfield April 19, 1832 – March 14, 1918 (aged 85) [52][53]	March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881	48 years, 319 days	James A. Garfield m. November 11, 1858
21		Mary McElroy July 5, 1841 – January 8, 1917 (aged 75) [54]	September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885	40 years, 76 days	Chester A. Arthur Brother
22		Rose Cleveland June 13, 1846 – November 22, 1918 (aged 72) [55]	March 4, 1885 – June 2, 1886	38 years, 264 days	Grover Cleveland Brother
		Frances Cleveland July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947 (aged 83) [56][57]	June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889	21 years, 316 days	Grover Cleveland m. June 2, 1886 Married while president
23		Caroline Harrison October 1, 1832 – October 25, 1892 (aged 60) [58][59]	March 4, 1889 – October 25, 1892 †	56 years, 154 days	Benjamin Harrison m. October 20, 1853
		Mary Harrison McKee April 3, 1858 – October 28, 1930 (aged 72) [59]	October 25, 1892 – March 4, 1893	34 years, 205 days	Benjamin Harrison Father
24		Frances Cleveland July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947 (aged 83) [56][57]	March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897	28 years, 226 days	Grover Cleveland m. June 2, 1886 Remarried 1913
25		Ida McKinley June 8, 1847 – May 26, 1907 (aged 59) [60][61]	March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901	49 years, 269 days	William McKinley m. January 25, 1871
26		Edith Roosevelt August 6, 1861 – September 30, 1948 (aged 87) [62][63]	September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909	40 years, 39 days	Theodore Roosevelt m. December 2, 1886
27		Helen "Nellie" Taft June 2, 1861 – May 22, 1943 (aged 81) [64][65]	March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913	47 years, 275 days	William H. Taft m. June 19, 1886
28		Ellen Wilson May 15, 1860 – August 6, 1914 (aged 54) [66][67]	March 4, 1913 – August 6, 1914 †	52 years, 293 days	Woodrow Wilson m. June 24, 1885
		Margaret Wilson April 16, 1886 – February 12, 1944 (aged 57) [67][68]	August 6, 1914 – December 18, 1915	28 years, 112 days	Woodrow Wilson Father
		Edith Wilson October 15, 1872 – December 28, 1961 (aged 89) [69][70]	December 18, 1915 – March 4, 1921	43 years, 64 days	Woodrow Wilson m. December 18, 1915 Married while president
29		Florence Harding August 15, 1860 – November 21, 1924 (aged 64) [71][72]	March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923	60 years, 201 days	Warren G. Harding m. July 8, 1891
30		Grace Coolidge January 3, 1879 – July 8, 1957 (aged 78) [73][74]	August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929	44 years, 211 days	Calvin Coolidge m. October 4, 1905
31		Lou Hoover March 29, 1874 – January 7, 1944 (aged 69) [75][76]	March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933	54 years, 340 days	Herbert Hoover m. February 10, 1899
32		Eleanor Roosevelt October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962 (aged 78) [77][78]	March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945	48 years, 144 days	Franklin D. Roosevelt m. March 17, 1905
33		Elizabeth "Bess" Truman February 13, 1885 – October 18, 1982 (aged 97) [79][80]	April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953	60 years, 58 days	Harry S. Truman m. June 28, 1919
34		Mary "Mamie" Eisenhower November 14, 1896 – November 1, 1979 (aged 82) [81][82]	January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961	56 years, 67 days	Dwight D. Eisenhower m. July 1, 1916
35		Jacqueline "Jackie" Kennedy July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994 (aged 64) [83][84]	January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963	31 years, 176 days	John F. Kennedy m. September 12, 1953 Remarried 1968
36		Claudia "Lady Bird" Johnson December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007 (aged 94) [85][86]	November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969	50 years, 335 days	Lyndon B. Johnson m. November 17, 1934
37		Thelma "Pat" Nixon March 16, 1912 – June 22, 1993 (aged 81) [87][88]	January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974	56 years, 310 days	Richard Nixon m. June 21, 1940
38		Elizabeth "Betty" Ford April 8, 1918 – July 8, 2011 (aged 93) [89][90]	August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977	56 years, 123 days	Gerald Ford m. October 15, 1948
39		Rosalynn Carter August 18, 1927 – November 19, 2023 (aged 96) [91][92]	January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981	49 years, 155 days	Jimmy Carter m. July 7, 1946
40		Nancy Reagan July 6, 1921 – March 6, 2016 (aged 94) [93][94]	January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989	59 years, 203 days	Ronald Reagan m. March 4, 1952
41		Barbara Bush June 8, 1925 – April 17, 2018 (aged 92) [95][96]	January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993	63 years, 226 days	George H. W. Bush m. January 6, 1945
42		Hillary Clinton Born (1947-10-26) October 26, 1947 (age 77) [97][98]	January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001	45 years, 86 days	Bill Clinton m. October 11, 1975
43		Laura Bush Born (1946-11-04) November 4, 1946 (age 78) [99][100]	January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009	54 years, 77 days	George W. Bush m. November 5, 1977
44		Michelle Obama Born (1964-01-17) January 17, 1964 (age 60) [101][102]	January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017	45 years, 3 days	Barack Obama m. October 3, 1992
45		Melania Trump Birth country:  Yugoslavia (present day  Slovenia) Born (1970-04-26) April 26, 1970 (age 54) [103][104]	January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021	46 years, 269 days	Donald Trump m. January 22, 2005
46		Jill Biden Born (1951-06-03) June 3, 1951 (age 73) [105]	January 20, 2021 – present	69 years, 231 days	Joe Biden m. June 17, 1977

First Lady-designate

POTUS No.	Portrait	Name	Tenure	Age at tenure start	President-elect (Husband, unless noted)
47		Melania Trump Birth country:  Yugoslavia (present day  Slovenia) Born (1970-04-26) April 26, 1970 (age 54) [106][107]	To take role on January 20, 2025	54 years, 269 days	Donald Trump m. January 22, 2005

Other spouses of presidents of the United States

Certain spouses of presidents of the United States are not considered first ladies of the United States.

Four presidents were widowed prior to their presidencies:

• Thomas Jefferson was married to Martha Wayles from 1772 until her death in 1782.
• Andrew Jackson was married to Rachel Donelson from 1794 until her death in 1828.
• Martin Van Buren was married to Hannah Hoes from 1807 until her death in 1819.
• Chester A. Arthur was married to Ellen Lewis Herndon from 1859 until her death in 1880.

Two presidents were widowed and remarried prior to their presidencies:

• Theodore Roosevelt was married to Alice Hathaway Lee from 1880 until her death in 1884. He was subsequently married to Edith Carow from 1886 to his death in 1919.
• Joe Biden was married to Neilia Hunter from 1966 until her death in 1972. He has subsequently been married to Jill Jacobs since 1977.

Two presidents were divorced and remarried prior to their presidencies:

• Ronald Reagan was married to Jane Wyman from 1940 until 1949. He was subsequently married to Nancy Davis from 1952 to his death in 2004.
• Donald Trump was married to Ivana Zelníčková from 1977 until 1992 and to Marla Maples from 1993 until 1999. He has subsequently been married to Melania Knauss since 2005.

Two presidents remarried after their presidencies:

• Millard Fillmore was married to Caroline Carmichael McIntosh from 1858 until his death in 1874.
• Benjamin Harrison was married to Mary Scott Lord Dimmick, the niece of his first wife, from 1896 until his death in 1901.

See also

• Politics portal
• United States portal

• Bibliography of United States presidential spouses and first ladies
• Second ladies and gentlemen of the United States
• First family of the United States
• List of children of presidents of the United States
• List of current United States first spouses
• List of memoirs by first ladies of the United States
• List of presidents of the United States
• List of First Lady of the United States firsts
• Spouse of the prime minister of Canada
• First Lady of Mexico
• Category:Acting first ladies of the United States

Notes

1. Jefferson's spouse, Martha Jefferson, died before he became president. Their daughter, Martha, is considered first lady by the White House Historical Association.
2. Robert and Priscilla Tyler left the White House for Philadelphia in March 1844, knowing that Julia Gardiner Tyler was set to marry the president and become the new White House hostess.^{[citation needed]} President Tyler's daughter, Letitia Tyler-Semple, saw to White House social affairs until the wedding.^{[citation needed]} This meant during President Tyler's one term as president, four ladies served as first lady, though two were in that role unofficially.^{[citation needed]} Semple served in this role from March to June 1844.^{[citation needed]}

References

1. Caroli, Betty Boyd (2003). First Ladies from Martha Washington to Laura Bush. Oxford University Press. p. 200.
2. Wiesen Cook, Blanche (1992). Eleanor Roosevelt: 1884–1933. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-80486-3.
3. "Dr. Jill Biden". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
4. "Biography of Martha Jefferson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
5. "First Lady Biography: Martha Jefferson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
6. "Biography of Rachel Jackson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
7. "First Lady Biography: Rachel Jackson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
8. "Biography of Hannah Van Buren". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
9. "First Lady Biography: Hannah Van Buren". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
10. "Biography of Ellen Arthur". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved January 20, 2009 – via National Archives.
11. "First Lady Biography: Ellen Arthur". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved January 10, 2009.
12. "The First Spouse Gold Coins". United States Mint. Retrieved January 10, 2009.
13. 31 U.S.C. § 5112(o)(3)(D)(i)(II) Denominations, specifications, and design of coins. The First Spouse Gold Coins. Cornell University. Retrieved on January 10, 2009.
14. Collins, Lauren (May 9, 2016). "The Model American: Melania Trump is the exception to her husband's nativist politics". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
15. "Biography of Martha Washington". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
16. "First Lady Biography: Martha Washington". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
17. "Biography of Abigail Adams". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
18. "First Lady Biography: Abigail Adams". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
19. "Biography of Dolley Madison". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
20. "First Lady Biography: Dolley Madison". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
21. "Biography of Elizabeth Monroe". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
22. "First Lady Biography: Elizabeth Monroe". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
23. "Biography of Louisa Adams". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
24. "First Lady Biography: Louisa Adams". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
25. "Emily Donelson". WHHA. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
26. "First Ladies Never Married to Presidents: Sarah Jackson". www.firstladies.org. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
27. "Biography of Anna Harrison". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
28. "First Lady Biography: Anna Harrison". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
29. "Biography of Letitia Tyler". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
30. "First Lady Biography: Letitia Tyler". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
31. "Letitia Tyler Biography :: National First Ladies' Library". Firstladies.org. December 28, 1907. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
32. "Biography of Julia Tyler". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
33. "First Lady Biography: Julia Tyler". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
34. "Biography of Sarah Polk". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
35. "First Lady Biography: Sarah Polk". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
36. "Biography of Margaret Taylor". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
37. "First Lady Biography: Margaret Taylor". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
38. "Biography of Abigail Fillmore". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
39. "First Lady Biography: Abigail Fillmore". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
40. "Biography of Jane Pierce". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
41. "First Lady Biography: Jane Pierce". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
42. "Biography of Harriet Lane". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
43. "First Lady Biography: Harriet Lane". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
44. "Biography of Mary Lincoln". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
45. "First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
46. "Biography of Eliza McCardle Johnson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
47. "First Lady Biography: Eliza Johnson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
48. "Biography of Julia Grant". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
49. "First Lady Biography: Julia Grant". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
50. "Biography of Lucy Hayes". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
51. "First Lady Biography: Lucy Hayes". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
52. "Biography of Lucretia Garfield". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
53. "First Lady Biography: Lucretia Garfield". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
54. "Mary Arthur McElroy, White House hostess for President Chester Arthur". loc.gov. Library of Congress. 1885. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
55. Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Cleveland, Grover" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
56. "Biography of Frances Cleveland". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
57. "First Lady Biography: Frances Cleveland". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
58. "Biography of Caroline Harrison". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
59. "First Lady Biography: Caroline Harrison". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
60. "Biography of Ida McKinley". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
61. "First Lady Biography: Ida McKinley". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
62. "Biography of Edith Roosevelt". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
63. "First Lady Biography: Edith Roosevelt". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
64. "Biography of Helen Taft". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
65. "First Lady Biography: Helen Taft". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
66. "Biography of Ellen Wilson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
67. "First Lady Biography: Ellen Wilson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
68. "First Lady - Ellen Wilson". C-SPAN.
69. "Biography of Edith Wilson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
70. "First Lady Biography: Edith Wilson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
71. "Biography of Florence Harding". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
72. "First Lady Biography: Florence Harding". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
73. "Biography of Grace Coolidge". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
74. "First Lady Biography: Grace Coolidge". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
75. "Biography of Lou Hoover". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
76. "First Lady Biography: Lou Hoover". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
77. "Biography of Eleanor Roosevelt". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
78. "First Lady Biography: Eleanor Roosevelt". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
79. "Biography of Bess Truman". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
80. "First Lady Biography: Bess Truman". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
81. "Biography of Mamie Eisenhower". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
82. "First Lady Biography: Mamie Eisenhower". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
83. "Biography of Jacqueline Kennedy". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
84. "First Lady Biography: Jackie Kennedy". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
85. "Biography of Lady Bird Johnson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
86. "First Lady Biography: Lady Bird Johnson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
87. "Biography of Pat Nixon". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
88. "First Lady Biography: Pat Nixon". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
89. "Biography of Betty Ford". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
90. "First Lady Biography: Betty Ford". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
91. "Biography of Rosalynn Carter". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
92. "First Lady Biography: Rosalynn Carter". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
93. "Biography of Nancy Reagan". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
94. "First Lady Biography: Nancy Reagan". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
95. "Biography of Barbara Bush". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
96. "First Lady Biography: Barbara Bush". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
97. "Biography of Hillary Clinton". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
98. "First Lady Biography: Hillary Clinton". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
99. "Biography of Laura Bush". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
100. "First Lady Biography: Laura Bush". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
101. "Biography of Michelle Obama". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
102. "First Lady Biography: Michelle Obama". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
103. "Biography of Melania Trump". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2017 – via National Archives.
104. "First Lady Biography: Melania Trump". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
105. "Biography of Jill Biden". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2021 – via National Archives.
106. "Biography of Melania Trump". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2017 – via National Archives.
107. "First Lady Biography: Melania Trump". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2017.

External links

• The First Ladies – White House
• Biographies of the First Ladies of the United States of America – National First Ladies' Library
• First Ladies National Historic Site