F. H. Faulding & Co

F. H. Faulding & Co was a pharmaceutical company founded in Adelaide, Australia, in 1845 by Francis Hardey Faulding (23 August 1816 – 19 November 1868), a native of Swinefleet, near Goole in Yorkshire, son of Francis Faulding, a surgeon.^[1]

F H Faulding (1816–1868), c. 1855

Luther Scammell (1826–1910), c. 1865

L R Scammell (1858–1940), c. 1904

L R Scammell (1858–1940), c. 1939

History

Francis Hardey Faulding arrived in Sydney on the Nabob in February 1842,^[2] in the midst of an economic slump. He travelled on the brig Dorset to Adelaide in May, where he weathered the slump,^[3] and opened a pharmacy at 5 Rundle Street on 9 May 1845.^[2] Around this time he had an assistant, Joseph Bosisto,^[4] who in 1851 left for Melbourne, where he famously explored the commercial value of eucalyptus oils as an antiseptic, and was in 1874 elected MLA for Richmond.

The pharmacy flourished, so he purchased a warehouse in Clarence Place in the city and transferred the manufacturing and wholesale arms of the business there.^[5] In 1861 he entered into partnership with Luther Scammell (1826–1910). Scammell, also a Yorkshireman, received medical training at Guy's Hospital^[6] and arrived in Adelaide in 1849 to practice in the Burra mines, then subsequently set up business in Port Adelaide. Luther Scammell (1826–1910) married Lavinia Annette Bean ( –1904) in 1856

• William Joseph Scammell (1856–1928) married Catherine Matilda Samuel in 1889. He was an AEI student
• Luther Robert Scammell (1858–1940) married Elizabeth Alice Gray in 1888
• Lavinia Mary Scammell (1859–1915)
• Henry Scammell (1860–1860)
• Francis George Scammell (1861–1927) married Mary Alice Hannah Shannon in 1890
• Alfred Faulding Scammell (1863–1886) married Alice Mary Boswood Samuel in 1885
• Charles Balantyne Thomas Scammell (1864–1880)
• Frederick James Stephenson Scammell (1864– )
• Ernest Arthur Scammell (1865–1946) married Minnie Elvira Fayers in 1904
• Annette Emily Scammell (1866– )
• Florence Euphemia Scammell (1868– ) married Alfred Corker Minchin in 1888
• Sydney Taunton Scammell (1876– )

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Faulding had numerous other interests: In 1847 he was one of the founders of the South Australian Institute (another was business competitor William Bickford (1815–1850)).^[7] On 16 December 1864 he was elected councillor for the Hindmarsh ward of the Adelaide City Council. He was a director of the Bank of Adelaide and trustee of the Savings Bank of South Australia. He was also an active member of the South Australian Free Rifle Corps.^{[citation needed]}

On 16 September 1852 he married Eliza Macgeorge at her home "Urr Brae" later "Urrbrae", the famous home of Peter Waite.^[8] (His sister Eliza (1824 – 2 February 1907) married Thomas Waterhouse a week previously.^[9]) In 1857 they left the residence on Stephens Place corner of North Terrace for an extended stay in England.^[10] He died without issue in 1868, aged 52^[1] at his mansion "Wooton Lea" near Glen Osmond.^[11] On 1 December 1869 the widowed Eliza Faulding married family friend Anthony Forster but they divorced six years later.^[12]

Scammell became sole owner on the founder's death in 1868. He immediately appointed Philip Dakers as the company's London buyer, and in 1876 built a prominent warehouse in King William Street later expanding to James Place which became the front office address. He was forced to retire in 1889 when the Bank of Adelaide threatened foreclosure after a series of failed mining and pastoral speculations.^[13] Two of his sons, Luther Robert Scammell FCS LSA (20 March 1858 – 8 April 1940) and William J. Scammell (26 October 1856 – 19 April 1928) acquired the manufacturing and wholesaling operations, and the business name, in 1888; the retail shops were sold to John White^[14] to reduce the debt to the bank.^[13][15]

Scammell Snr. was also involved in politics and, with Thomas Hardy and Sir Samuel Davenport, was a pioneer of South Australia's olive oil industry,^[16] producing its first oil in 1864.^[2]

The company expanded under the two brothers. In 1890 they founded a branch in rented premises in Perth, and from 1894 under the management of Walter Wesley Garner, it thrived and expanded, later setting up a warehouse and laboratory in Murray Street. A Sydney branch was founded in 1899 in O'Connell Street under J. P. Gold, and in Newcastle under J. P. F. Gwynne. Later W. J. Scammell took charge and a factory was built in Redfern.

Alfred F. Scammell & R. G. Scammell (sons of L. R. Scammell), and Rupert Boswood Scammell & George Vance Scammell (born 1903) (sons of W. J. Scammell), became directors of the company, the latter two at the Sydney branch. The former two moved to Sydney in 1911.^[17]

In June 1921 Faulding & Co. became a private company, with L. R. Scammell as chairman and managing director. He continued to run the firm's affairs until 1935. Day-to-day management then passed to his elder son Alfred, but Luther remained chairman of directors until his death in 1940.^[13]

In 1971 Faulding's purchased Jasol Chemical Products, an Adelaide manufacturer of unsophisticated but effective and popular sterilising and cleaning agents.

Dr. Ed Tweddell was appointed managing director in 1988 and entered into a joint venture with CSIRO to develop new drugs under Keating government's "Factor f" scheme, and later the Pharmaceutical Industry Investment Program. In 1999, Fauldings were promised $40 million in federal funding over five years in return for industry development. Faulding Pharmaceuticals expanded its northern hemisphere operations and in 2001^[2] the Mayne Nickless group (as Mayne Pharma) took over the company, whereupon Tweddell resigned from the board. Mayne Pharma was bought out in 2007 by the US Hospira conglomerate, which in turn was acquired by Pfizer in 2015. Despite initially announcing plans to invest in the manufacturing facility at Thebarton in 2016,^[18] in February 2017 the corporation announced its intention to close it by the end of 2021.^[19]

Manufacturing and laboratory facilities

Two of the Faulding company's major innovations were a process for distillation of eucalyptus oil, and a test for determining the eucalyptol content of the oil. Faulding's success was founded on eucalyptus oil, which formed the basis of an antiseptic marketed as "Solyptol" (for soluble eucalyptus oil). The test became the industry standard, and the British Pharmacopoeia standard method in 1898. Other well-known products were Milk Emulsion (a pleasant alternative to cod-liver oil), Solyptol Soap, (which won a gold medal at the Franco-British Exhibition in London in 1908), Solyptol disinfectant, junket tablets, cordials, essential oils for perfumery and reagents such as Epsom salts, most produced in its factory in Thebarton on the land once occupied by Bean Brothers' tannery. In 1962 Fauldings were listed as having factories and laboratories in the area bounded by Holland St, Winwood St, Reid St and Beans Rd (now Dew St.), Thebarton.^[20]

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Faulding's Journal

From 1906 to 1919, a monthly magazine Faulding's Journal was published covering a similar range of topics to today's New Scientist. The editor was journalist W. J. P. Giddings.^{[5][21][lower-alpha 1]}

X-ray experiments

In 1896, Samuel Barbour, Faulding's chief chemist, and W. T. Rowe, who had studied at the University of Adelaide under Sir William Bragg, experimented with an X-ray tube brought back from England by Barbour. The first results were rather modest as the induction coil used was only capable of a two-inch spark (around 50 kV). Much higher energies were achieved when they borrowed a twelve-inch spark unit (around 190 kV) ^{[lower-alpha 2]} from Sir Charles Todd. Rowe ran the X-ray clinic for Fauldings in 1896 and 1897 when Barbour sold the unit to Sir Joseph Verco.^[23]

Dental, veterinary and scientific products

Faulding acted as manufacturers' agents for such equipment as dental appliances and chairs as well as stocking hundreds of thousands of artificial teeth.^[6] They also sold a wide range of scientific glassware and laboratory equipment.

Bibliography

• A Century of Medical Progress 1845–1945 F. H. Faulding & Co. Ltd, Adelaide 1945
• Camel, L. R. A History of F. H. Faulding & Co. Ltd 1931
• Donovan, Peter; Tweddell, Ed The Faulding Formula. A History of F. H. Faulding & Co. Ltd. Wakefield Press, South Australia 1995

Notes

1. William John Peter Giddings (died 1938) was an Adelaide journalist who married Auroa Killicoat in 1897. Their daughter Marjorie Mary Giddings married Leslie Edgar Masters in 1923 and had a son Peter Eric Masters in 1925.
2. From chart: 4" = 110 kV; 8" = 150 kV; 12" = 190 kV; 16" = 230 kV.^[22] Output from the coil (very like an automotive ignition coil) was highly asymmetrical, and until development of the oscilloscope, spark length was the most reliable voltage measuring technique.

References

1. A. F. Scammell, 'Faulding, Francis Hardey (1816–1868)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 4, Melbourne University Press, 1972, pp 159–160.
2. F. H. Faulding, South Australian Medical Heritage Society Inc, www.samhs.org.au
3. Obituary, F. H. Faulding South Australian Register 21 November 1868 p.2 accessed 30 January 2011
4. "Police Court, Adelaide". South Australian Register. Vol. XV, no. 1464. South Australia. 25 June 1851. p. 3. Retrieved 22 December 2018 – via National Library of Australia. Later claims that he "founded Faulding & Co." may be an exaggeration.
5. An Adelaide Firm's Diamond Jubilee, The Advertiser 2 April 1906 p.9 accessed 30 January 2011
6. F. H. Faulding & Co. Manifold Activities, The Advertiser 24 February 1923 p.10 accessed 30 January 2011
7. South Australian Institute South Australian Advertiser 27 October 1863 p.4 accessed 5 March 2011
8. "Family Notices". Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957). 2 October 1852. p. 6.
9. South Australian Register 26 August 1852 p.2 accessed 2 March 2011
10. "Advertising". South Australian Register (Adelaide, Sa : 1839 - 1900). 2 January 1857. p. 4.
11. Obituary South Australian Register 8 December 1868 accessed 2 March 2011
12. "Law and Criminal Courts". South Australian Register (Adelaide, Sa : 1839 - 1900). 25 November 1875. p. 3.
13. Peter Donovan, Scammell, Luther Robert (1858–1940), Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 16, Melbourne University Press, 2002, pp 182–183. Accessed 30 January 2011
14. "Pen Portraits of People". The News. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 11 December 1926. p. 6 Edition: Sporting. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
15. Death of Mr Luther Scammell, The Advertiser 12 March 1910 p.14 accessed 30 January 2011
16. Personal, The Advertiser 31 May 1906 p.6 accessed 30 January 2011
17. S.A. Firm's 90th Anniversary, The Advertiser 17 May 1935, p.23. Accessed 31 January 2011
18. Pfizer spends $21m expanding Adelaide cancer drug facility ABC News, 10 March 2016. Accessed 11 February 2017.
19. Cancer drug company Pfizer to pull out of Adelaide by end of 2021 ABC News, 9 February 2016. Accessed 11 February 2017.
20. Sands and McDougall's Directory of South Australia 1962 ed.
21. Giddings Family, Adelaide Northern Districts Family History Group, Newsletter No. 19, March 2008, p. 3.
22. Electro-medical Instruments and their Management. Schall & Son, London. 1914.
23. "Our first X-Ray tube". The Advertiser (Adelaide). 24 October 1946. p. 10. Retrieved 31 January 2011.