received private painting lessons from Georg Burmester in Kiel, then from ErnstEitner [de] in Hamburg (1900-1901). After that, he took courses in art history
Ludwig Dettmann, Andreas Dirks, ErnstEitner, Rainer Fetting, Willem Grimm, Ivo Hauptmann, Erich Heckel, Hugo Köcke, Ernst Kolbe, Franz Korwan, Emil Maetzel