Edelman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Abram Wolf Edelman (a.k.a. Abraham Edelman; 1832–1907), Polish-born American rabbi; the first rabbi in Los Angeles, California
- Adam Edelman (born 1991), American-born four-time Israeli national champion in skeleton event, and Israeli Olympian
- Alan Edelman (born 1963), American mathematician and computer scientist
- Alex Edelman (born 1989), American stand-up comedian
- Cornelis Hendrik "Cees" Edelman (1903–1964), Dutch soil scientist
- Daniel Edelman (1920–2013), American public relations executive, founder of Edelman
- Daniel Edelman (soccer) (born 2003), American professional soccer player for Major League Soccer club New York Red Bulls
- David Louis Edelman (born 1971), American science fiction author
- Edmund D. Edelman (1930–2016), Los Angeles, California, politician
- Elazer R. Edelman, American engineer, scientist, and cardiologist
- Eric S. Edelman, U.S. ambassador to Turkey and Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
- Ezra Edelman, American documentary director
- Fanny Edelman (1911–2011), Argentine politician
- Gerald Edelman (1929–2014), biologist, 1972 Nobel Prize (Physiology/Medicine) for work on the immune system
- Gregg Edelman (born 1958), American movie, television and theatre actor
- Herb Edelman (1933–1996), American actor
- Isidore Edelman (1920–2004), American physician and researcher
- James Edelman (born 1974), a justice of the Federal Court of Australia, and appointed to be a justice of the High Court of Australia
- Joseph Edelman (born 1955), American hedge fund manager and entrepreneur
- Judith Edelman (1923–2014), American architect
- Julian Edelman (born 1986), NFL player for the New England Patriots, 2019 Super Bowl LIII MVP
- Julius Edelman (1924–2004), jazz photographer known as Skippy Adelman
- Lee Edelman (born 1953), professor and chair of the English Department at Tufts University
- Marek Edelman (1922–2009), political and social activist, cardiologist, and the last living leader of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising
- Marian Wright Edelman (Marian Wright) (born 1939), founder and president of the Children's Defense Fund and wife of Peter Edelman
- Maurice Edelman (1911–1975), British politician and novelist
- Murray Edelman (1919–2001), American political scientist
- Natan Eidelman (1930–1989), Russian author and historian
- Nufar Edelman (born 1982), Israeli Olympic sailor
- Peter Edelman (born 1938), lawyer, policy maker, and law professor at Georgetown University Law Center and husband of Marian Wright Edelman
- Randy Edelman (born 1947), American music composer
- R. David Edelman, American policymaker
- Richard Edelman (born 1954), president and CEO of public relations firm Edelman
- Scott Edelman (born 1955), American science fiction and fantasy writer and editor