List of rulers of Auvergne
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne.
History
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In the 7th century Auvergne was disputed between the Franks and Aquitanians. It was later conquered by the Carolingians, and was integrated for a time into the kingdom of Aquitaine. The counts of Auvergne slowly became autonomous.
In the 10th century Auvergne became a disputed territory between the count of Poitiers and the counts of Toulouse.
In the Middle Ages Auvergne was broken into four feudal domains:
- the county of Auvergne (created around 980)
- the bishopric of Clermont or ecclesiastical county of Clermont (created around 980 as a sort of counter-power)
- the dauphinate of Auvergne or the worldly county of Clermont (formed around 1155 after a coup but not formally created until 1302)
- the duchy of Auvergne or the land of Auvergne (formed from the royal domain of Auvergne in 1360)
Auvergne was integrated in turn into the appanages of Alphonse, count of Poitou and Toulouse (1241–1271) and of John, duke of Berry and Auvergne and count of Poitiers and Montpensier (1360–1416).
During the Hundred Years' War Auvergne faced numerous raids and revolts, including the Tuchin Revolt.
In 1424 the Duchy of Auvergne passed to the House of Bourbon.
Quite contemporaneously, the County of Auvergne passed to the House of La Tour d'Auvergne, and upon its extinction in 1531 it passed to Catherine de' Medici before becoming a royal domain.
In 1434, the Dauphinate of Auvergne passed to the House of Bourbon-Montpensier.
Elected Counts of Auvergne (480–963)
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Visigoth period
- Victorius (480–489)
- Apollinaris (489-515)
Frankish Merovingian period
- Hortensius (516-532)
- Sigivald (532)
- Becco (533)
- Hortensius (533-?)
- Evodius ?
- Georgius ?
- Britianus ?
- Firminus (c. 555 or 558, deposed)
- Sallustus (duke c. 555 or 558–560)
- Firminus (restored, 560–571)
- Venerandus (before 585)
- Nicetius I (duke and count c. 585)
- Nicetius II (c. 585)
- Eulalius (duke 585–590)
- Bobon of Neustria (639–656)
- Hector of Neustria (c. 655–675)
- Bodilon of Austrasia (c. 675)
- Calminius of Neustria (c. 670s)
- Genesius (c. 680s)
- Haribert of Neustria (c. 690s)
- part of Neustria until 751
Frankish Carolingian period
- Ithier (c. 758)
- Blandin (760–763)
- Chilping (763–765)
- Bertmond (765–778)
- Icterius (778–?)
- Warin I (818-c.820)
- Warin II (c.820–839), son of previous
- Gerard (839–841), supposed brother of previous
- William I (841–846)
- Bernard I (846–868)
- Bernard II Plantapilosa (864–886), married Ermengard, daughter of, Bernard I
- William II the Pious (886–918), son of Bernard II, also duke of Aquitaine.
- William III the Younger (restored, 918–926), son of Adelinda, daughter of Bernard Plantapilosa, also duke of Aquitaine.
- Acfred of Aquitaine (926–927), brother of previous.
After the death of Acfred, who left the comital fisc completely diminished, there appeared no successor who could control the entire Auvergne, with Velay. Several relatives of surrounding regions made claims. Below are the dates of their effective control.
- Ebalus Manzer (927–934), great-grandson of Gerard
- Raymond Pons, Count of Toulouse (934–942)
- Raymond, Count of Toulouse (942–961)
- William (IV) (961–963), son of Ebalus Manzer, also Duke of Aquitaine.
Hereditary Counts of Auvergne and the Dauphinate (963-1653/1693)
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House of Auvergne
From the viscounty of Clermont, then vassal to the elective county of Auvergne, came the so-called House of Auvergne, a designation used by modern historians for the family that ruled consistently the Auvergne region from 963. After a period of comital vacancy, the viscounts of Clermont were elevated as successors of the elective counts: the county became hereditary.
Viscounts of Clermont
- Armand of Clermont (?–?)
- Robert I of Clermont (?–?)
- Robert II of Clermont (?–?)
- Robert III of Clermont (?–?), son of Robert II
The splitting of the county and the Dauphinate
In 1155, count William VII the Young was usurped by his uncle, count William VIII the Old. However, William VIII left a smaller portion for his nephew to rule. In 1209, the county of William VIII the Old would be made smaller after a partial confiscation by Philip II of France, later to be made in 1360 as the Duchy of Auvergne.
As for William VII the Young, he was able to maintain his status in part of his county,[1] especially Beaumont, Chamalières, and Montferrand. From this smaller county raised, in 1302, the Dauphinate of Auvergne.
Based in the fact that William VII's wife was the daughter of the dauphin de Viennois, Guigues IV, and that William VII's descendants, in virtue of the Viennois blood, used the surname Dauphin, the majority of authors anticipate the formalization of the dauphinate in 1302 and choose to call William VII and his successors already as dauphins of Auvergne, for a clear distinction from the descendants of William VIII. Still others, out of convenience, choose to call these successors the counts-dauphins of Auvergne.
Partitions of Auvergne under Auvergne family
| County of Auvergne (963-1169) | ||
| Younger County of Auvergne (1169-1302) Raised to: Dauphinate of Auvergne (1302–1434) | ||
| Part of the county annexed to France (1209); In 1360, emerged here the Duchy of Auvergne |
Elder County of Auvergne (1169-1437) | |
| Inherited by La Tour d'Auvergne |
Inherited by Bourbon | |
Table of rulers
Note: The parallel existence of the usurpers of the Elder County of Auvergne and of the usurped Younger County-Dauphinate, who often carried the same first names, also complicates things.[2] To avoid confusion, the numbering system used here is continuous, and Dauphin is used as part of the name where applicable.
| Monarch | Born | Reign | Ruling part | Consort | Death | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guy I | c.950? Second son of Robert II, Viscount of Clermont and Ingelberga |
963-989 | County of Auvergne | Ausenda no children |
989 aged 38-39? | He was the first of the family to use the comital title in Auvergne. However, he left no descendants and was succeeded by his brother. | |
| William IV[3] | .jpg) |
c.950? Third son of Robert II, Viscount of Clermont and Ingelberga |
989-1016 | County of Auvergne | Humberge de Brioude[4] five children |
1016 aged 65-66? | |
| Robert I | c.970? First son of William IV and Humberge de Brioude |
1016-1032 | County of Auvergne | Unknown or Ermengarde-Philippa[citation needed](?) two children |
1032 aged 51-52? | ||
| William V | c.1000 Only son of Robert I |
1032-1064 | County of Auvergne | Philippa of Gévaudan five children |
1064 aged 63-64? | ||
| Robert II | c.1030? First son of William V and Philippa of Gévaudan |
1064-1095 | County of Auvergne | Bertha of Rouergue 1051 no children Judith de Melgueil c.1069 two children |
c.1095 aged 64-65? | ||
| William VI | c.1069 Son of Robert II and Judith de Melgueil |
1095 – 25 January 1136 | County of Auvergne | Emma of Sicily 1092[5] two children |
25 January 1136[6] aged 66-67 | ||
| Robert III | c.1092? First son of William VI and Emma of Sicily |
25 January 1136 – 1147 | County of Auvergne | Unknown[7] one child |
1147 Palestine aged 51-52? | ||
| William VII the Young | 1102? Only son of Robert III |
1147-1155 | County of Auvergne | Marquise of Albon[8] 1150 four children |
1169 aged 66-67? |
In 1155, William VIII robbed William VII a great part of Auvergne. | |
| 1155-1169 | Younger County of Auvergne | ||||||
| William VIII the Old | c.1100? Second son of William VI and Emma of Sicily |
1155-1182 | Elder County of Auvergne | Anne of Nevers four children |
1182 aged 81-82? | ||
| Robert IV Dauphin[9] | .jpg) |
c.1150 First son of William VII and Marquise of Albon |
1169 – 22 May 1235 | Younger County of Auvergne | Guillemette de Comborn (d.May 1199) 1150 four children |
22 May 1235 aged 84-85? | Held the surname Dauphin, after the title of his mother's family. |
| Robert IV |  |
c.1130 Son of William VIII and Anne of Nevers |
1182-1194 | Elder County of Auvergne | Matilda of Burgundy 1165 six children |
1194 aged 81-82? | |
| William IX | c.1150 First son of Robert IV and Matilda of Burgundy |
1194-1199 | Elder County of Auvergne | Unmarried | 1199 aged 48-49? | ||
| Guy II |  |
c.1165 Second son of Robert IV and Matilda of Burgundy |
1199-1222 | Elder County of Auvergne | Petronilla of Chambon 1180 eight children |
1222 aged 81-82? | |
| William X | c.1195 First son of Guy II and Petronilla of Chambon |
1222-1246 | Elder County of Auvergne | Adelaide of Brabant 23 May 1225 six children |
1246 aged 81-82? | His wife was elected to succeed to the County of Boulogne, which then passed to her sons. | |
| William VIII Dauphin[10] |  |
c.1175 First son of Robert IV Dauphin and Guillemette de Comborn |
22 May 1235 – 19 November 1240 | Younger County of Auvergne | Huguette de Chamalières 1196 one child Isabelle de Montluçon one child Philippa de Baffie no children |
19 November 1240 aged 74-75? | |
| Robert V Dauphin[11] | c.1200 Only son of William VIII Dauphin and Huguette de Chamalières |
19 November 1240 – 12 April 1262 | Younger County of Auvergne | Alix de Ventadour (d.c.1250) c.1230 six children |
12 April 1262 aged 61-62 | ||
| Robert V |  |
c.1225 Son of William X and Adelaide of Brabant |
1246 – 17 January 1277 | Elder County of Auvergne (with County of Boulogne) |
Éléonore de Baffie 1245 six children |
17 January 1277 aged 51-52 | Also Count of Boulogne. From his reign, the remaining counts of Auvergne also had possession over the county of Boulogne. |
| Robert VI Dauphin |  |
c.1238 First son of Robert V Dauphin and Alix de Ventadour |
12 April 1262 – 21 March 1282 | Younger County of Auvergne | Matilda of Elder Auvergne (1230- 21 August 1280) c.1250 five children |
21 March 1282 aged 43-44 | |
| William XI |  |
1248 First son of Robert V and Éléonore de Baffie |
17 January 1277 – 1277 | Elder County of Auvergne (with County of Boulogne) |
Unmarried | 1277[12] aged 31-32 | |
| Robert VI |  |
1250 Second son of Robert V and Éléonore de Baffie |
1277-1317 | Elder County of Auvergne (with County of Boulogne) |
Beatrice of Montgascon 14 June 1279 Luzillat six children |
1317[13] aged 66-67 | |
| Robert VII Dauphin | c.1255 First son of Robert VI Dauphin and Matilda of Elder Auvergne |
21 March 1282 – 19 May 1324 | Younger County of Auvergne (until 1302) Dauphinate of Auvergne (from 1302) |
Alixente de Mercoeur (d.15 July 1286) 1279 four children Isabelle de Jaligny (d.1 October 1297) 1289 four children |
19 May 1324 aged 68-69 | During his reign the county was elevated to a dauphinate. | |
| Robert VII |  |
1282 Son of Robert VI and Beatrice of Montgascon |
1317 – 13 October 1325 | Elder County of Auvergne (with County of Boulogne) |
Blanche of Bourbon (d.1304) 25 June 1303 Paris one child Marie of Termonde (de Dampierre) 1312 one child |
13 October 1325 aged 81-82? | |
| John | c.1280 First son of Robert VII Dauphin and Alixente de Mercoeur |
19 Mary 1324 – 10 March 1351 | Dauphinate of Auvergne | Anne de Poitiers-Valentinois (1289-17 August 1351) 27 May 1313 three children |
10 March 1351 aged 70-71 | Inherited also his mother's lordship of Mercoeur. | |
| William XII | 1303 Son of Robert VII and Blanche of Bourbon |
13 October 1325 – 6 August 1332 | Elder County of Auvergne (with County of Boulogne) |
Margaret of Évreux 1325 Busséol one child |
6 August 1332 aged 28-29 |
Children of Robert VII, divided the inheritance: William received the core county, and Godfrey the lordships of Montgascon and Roche-Savine. | |
| Godfrey |  |
c.1315? Second son of Robert VII and Marie of Termonde |
13 October 1325 – 1387 | Elder County of Auvergne (at Montgascon and Roche-Savine) |
Margaret of Younger Auvergne 1364 no children Jeanne de Ventadour 1375 one child Blanche de Senlis 1376 no children |
1387 aged 71-72? | |
| Regency of Margaret of Évreux (1332–1338) | In virtue of her second marriage she became queen of France. | ||||||
| Joanna I |  |
8 May 1326 Only daughter of William XII and Margaret of Évreux |
6 August 1332 – 29 September 1360 | Elder County of Auvergne (with County of Boulogne) |
Philip, heir of Burgundy November 1338 Vincennes three children John II of France 9 February 1350 Saint-Gemme, Yvelines two children |
29 September 1360 aged 34 | |
| Beraud I | c.1315 First son of John and Marquise of Albon |
10 March 1351 – 27 August 1356 | Dauphinate of Auvergne | Marie de Villemur (1315-28 September 1338) 14 March 1333 Avignon nine children |
27 August 1356 aged 40-41 | ||
| Beraud II the Great | 1333 First son of Beraud I and Marie de Villemur |
27 August 1356 – 17 January 1399 | Dauphinate of Auvergne | Joanna of Forez 22 June 1357 one child Joanna of Elder Auvergne (d.1 October 1373) June 1371 no children Margaret, Countess of Sancerre 27 June 1374 Riom eight children |
17 January 1399 aged 65-66 | ||
| Philip of Rouvres |  |
1346 Rouvres-en-Plaine Son of Philip, heir of Burgundy and Joanna I |
29 September 1360 – 21 November 1361 | Elder County of Auvergne (with County of Boulogne) |
Margaret III, Countess of Flanders 1355 no children |
21 November 1361 Rouvres-en-Plaine aged 14-15 | From the Ducal/Capetian House of Burgundy. Left no descendants after a very short reign, and the county went to another son of Robert VII. |
| John I | c.1310? First son of Robert VII and Marie of Termonde |
21 November 1361 – 24 March 1386 | Elder County of Auvergne (with County of Boulogne) |
Joanna of Clermont 1328 three children |
24 March 1386 Compiègne aged 39-40 | ||
| John II |  |
c.1330 Son of John I and Joanna of Clermont |
24 March 1386 – 28 September 1404 | Elder County of Auvergne (with County of Boulogne) |
Aliénor of Comminges 11 August 1373 one child |
28 September 1404 aged 73-74? | |
| Beraud III | 1380 Ardres First son of Beraud II and Margaret, Countess of Sancerre |
17 January 1399 – 28 July 1426 | Dauphinate of Auvergne | Jeanne de La Tour (d.1415) 1409 one child Marguerite de Chauvigny (d.23 July 1473) 14 July 1426 Issodoun no children |
28 July 1426 Ardres aged 45-46 |
Children of Beraud II, both titled Dauphin/Dauphine, inherited separately their possessions:
| |
| Anne |  |
1358 Only daughter of Beraud II and Joanna of Forez |
15 May 1372 – 22 September 1417 | Dauphinate of Auvergne (at Forez) |
Louis II, Duke of Bourbon 19 August 1371 four children |
22 September 1417 Cleppé aged 58-59 | |
| Dauphinate of Forez inherited by Bourbon | |||||||
| Joanna II |  |
1378 Daughter of John II and Aliénor of Comminges |
28 September 1404 – 1424 | Elder County of Auvergne (with County of Boulogne) |
John, Duke of Berry 5 June 1390 Puy-de-Dôme no children Georges de La Trémoille 16 November 1416 Puy-de-Dôme no children |
1424 aged 45-46 | Ruled alongside her husbands. |
| Maria | September 1376 Daughter of Godfrey and Jeanne de Ventadour |
1387-1424 1424 – 7 August 1437 | Elder County of Auvergne (at Montgascon and Roche-Savine until 1424; in all Auvergne and Boulogne from 1424) |
Bertrand IV de La Tour 1389 four children |
7 August 1437 aged 60 | ||
| Elder Auvergne inherited by La Tour d'Auvergne | |||||||
| Joanna | 1414 Only daughter of Beraud III and Jeanne de La Tour |
28 July 1426 – 26 May 1436 | Dauphinate of Auvergne | Louis I, Count of Montpensier 8 December 1426 no children |
26 May 1436 Ardres aged 21-22 | Heiress of her father and last of her family, her possessions were inherited by the Montpensier branch of the House of Bourbon. | |
| Dauphinate of Auvergne inherited by Bourbon-Montpensier | |||||||
The successors of the Auvergne family in the county and the dauphinate
| County of Auvergne | Dauphinate of Auvergne |
|---|---|
As Appanage:
|
From 1525–1538 the dauphinate was confiscated by the king and united with the royal domain.
At her death in 1693, the title returned to the royal domain. It was later given to:
|
| Became part of the royal domain upon the ascension of Louis XIII of France, son of Henry IV and Marie de'Medici | Afterwards, the title returned to the royal domain and was claimed as a courtesy title by the dukes of Orléans, and the modern Orleanist pretenders |
Bishops of Clermont
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The title of bishop of Clermont is used from 1160 onwards. Before then they were called bishop of Arvernes.[citation needed] In 2002, the Bishopric of Clermont was incorporated into the Archbishopric of Clermont-Ferrand.
List of bishops of Arvernes
- Saint Austromoine (3rd or 4th century)
- Urbicus
- Legonius
- Saint Illidius (also called Allyre or Alyre) († 384)
- Nepotianus
- Artemius
- Venerand
- Rusticus
- Namatius (also called Namacius or Namace)
- Eparchius
- Saint Apollinarius I (471–486)
- Abrunculus
- Euphrasius († 515)
- Apollinarius II
- Saint Quintien (about 523)
- Gallus of Clermont (Gallus I) (about 486/525-551)
- Cautin (about 554–572)
- Saint Avitus (Avitus I) (572–594)
- Caesarius (627)
- Saint Gallus (Gallus II) (about 650)
- Genesius († 662)
- Gyroindus (660)
- Felix
- Garivaldus
- Saint-Priest (also called Saint Prix) (666–676)
- Avitus II (676–691)
- Bonitus
- Nordebertus
- Proculus
- Stephanus (Étienne I) (761)
- Adebertus (785)
- Bernouin (about 811)
- Stabilis (823–860)
- Sigon (about 863)
- Egilmar of Clermont (875–891)
- Adalard (910)
- Arnold (about 912)
- Bernard I
- Étienne II of Clermont (about 945–976)
- Begon (about 980–1010)
- Étienne III of Clermont (about 1010–1014 / 1013)
- Étienne IV (1014–1025)
- Rencon (1030–1053)
- Étienne V of Polignac (about 1053–1073)
- Guillaume of Chamalières (Guillaume I) (1073–1076)
- Durand (1077–1095)
- Guillaume of Baffie (Guillaume II) (1096)
- Pierre Roux (Pierre I) (1105–1111)
- Aimeri (1111–1150)
- Étienne VI of Mercœur (1151–1169)
List of bishops of Clermont
- Ponce of Clairvaux (1170–1189)
- Gilbert I (1190–1195)
- Robert of Auvergne (1195–1227)
- Hughes of la Tour du Pin (1227–1249)
- Guy of la Tour du Pin (1250–1286)
- Aimar of Cros (1286–1297)
- Jean Aicelin (Jean I) (1298–1301)
- Pierre of Cros (Pierre II) (1302–1304)
- Aycelin of Montaigut (also called Aubert) (1307–1328)
- Arnaud Roger of Comminges (1328–1336)
- Raymond of Aspet (1336–1340)
- Étienne Aubert (Étienne VII) (was also Pope Innocent VI from 1352–1362) (1340–1342)
- Pierre André (Pierre III) (1342–1349)
- Pierre of Aigrefeuille (Pierre IV) (1349–1357)
- Jean de Mello (Jean II) (1357–1376)
- Henri of La Tour (1376–1415)
- Martin Gouge de Charpaignes (1415–1444)
- Jacques of Comborn (Jacques I) (1445–1474)
- Antoine Allemand (Antoine I) (1475–1476)
- Cardinal Charles II, Duke of Bourbon (Charles I) (1476–1488)
- Charles of Bourbon (Charles II) (1489–1504)
- Jacques of Amboise (Jacques II) (1505–1516)
- Thomas Duprat (1517–1528)
- Guillaume Duprat (Guillaume III) (1529–1560)
- Cardinal Bernard Saliviati (Bernard II) (1561–1567)
- Antoine of Saint-Nectaire (Antoine II) (1567–1584)
- Cardinal François de La Rochefoucauld (François I) (1585–1609)
- Antoine Rose (Antoine III) (1609–1614)
- Joachim of Estaing (1614–1650)
- Louis of Estaing (Louis I) (1650–1664)
- Gilbert of Veiny d'Arbouze (Gilbert II) (1664–1682)
- Michel of Castagnet (is appointed but does not get his bull and returns)
- Claude II of Saint-Georges (1684–1687)
- François Bochart of Saron (François II) (1687–1715)
- Louis of Balzac Illiers d'Entragues (Louis II) (1716–1717)
- Jean-Baptiste Massillon (1717–1742)
- François-Marie Le Maistre de La Garlaye (1743–1775)
- François of Bonnal (François III) (1776–1800)
- Jean-François Périer (constitutional bishop) (1791–1802)
- Charles-Antoine-Henri Du Valk de Dampierre (1802–1833)
- Louis-Charles Féron (1833–1879)
- Jean-Pierre Boyer (1879–1892)
- Pierre-Marie Belmont (1893–1921)
- Jean-François-Étienne Marnas (1921–1932)
- Gabriel-Emmanuel-Joseph Piguet (1933–1952)
- Pierre-Abel-Louis Chappot de la Chanonie (1953–1973)
- Jean Louis Joseph Dardel (1974–1995)
List of archbishops of Clermont-Ferrand
- Hippolyte Simon (1996–2016)
- Francois Kalist (2016–present)
Dukes of Auvergne
The Duchy of Auvergne was created in 1360 by John II of France, out of part of the Elder County of Auvergne, confiscated by Philip II of France in 1209.
List of dukes of Auvergne
- John, Duke of Berry (1360–1416), first husband of Joan II, Countess of Auvergne
- Marie of Berry (1416–1425) daughter of John
- John I, Duke of Bourbon (1416–1425), husband of Marie
- Charles I, Duke of Bourbon (1425–1456), son of Marie and John I
- John II, Duke of Bourbon (1456–1488), son of Charles I
- Charles II, Duke of Bourbon (1488), son of Charles I
- Peter II, Duke of Bourbon (1488–1503), son of Charles I
- Suzanne, Duchess of Bourbon (1503–1521), daughter of Peter II
- Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (1505–1527), husband of Susanna
After his death in 1527, the title was confiscated and passed to the royal domain.
- Louise of Savoy (1467–1531), granddaughter of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon through her mother, Margaret of Bourbon
Louise confronted Charles III's right to succession with the support of her son, King Francis I of France. After her death in 1531, the title passed to the royal domain.
- Charles X of France (1757–1824)
References
External links
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