Comiket

Comic Market (コミックマーケット, Komikku Māketto), more commonly known as Comiket (コミケット, Komiketto) or Comike (コミケ, Komike), is a semiannual doujinshi convention in Tokyo, Japan. A grassroots market focused on the sale of doujin (self-published) works, Comiket is a not-for-profit fan convention administered by the volunteer-run Comic Market Preparatory Committee (ComiketPC). Inaugurated on 21 December 1975 with an estimated 700 attendees, Comiket has since grown to become the largest fan convention in the world, with an estimated turnstile attendance of 750,000 in 2019. Comiket is typically held at Tokyo Big Sight in August and December, with the two events distinguished as Summer Comic Market (夏コミ, Natsukomi) and Winter Comic Market (冬コミ, Fuyukomi), respectively.

Comic Market コミックマーケット
Status	Active
Genre	Doujinshi convention
Frequency	Semiannual
Venue	Tokyo Big Sight in Ariake, Tokyo
Inaugurated	21 December 1975; 48 years ago (1975-12-21)
Most recent	11-12 August 2024
Next event	29-30 December 2024
Attendance	110,000 in December 2021[a]
Activity	Marketplace, industry floor, cosplay
Organised by	Comic Market Preparatory Committee (ComiketPC)
Website	comiket.co.jp/index_e.html (English) comiket.co.jp/ (Japanese)

Program

Doujin marketplace

Comiket is focused primarily on the sale of doujin: non-commercial, self-published works.^[3] Approximately 35,000 circles (a term for groups or individuals who create doujin) participate in each edition of Comiket.^[4] Different circles exhibit on each day of Comiket; circles producing works on a common subject, such as a particular media franchise or manga genre, are typically grouped on the same day.^[5] The most common item sold at Comiket is doujinshi (self-published comics, novels or magazines), while a smaller number of circles sell doujin soft, analog (board/card/etc.) games, music, clothing, and other goods. These are often derivative fan works based off of anime, video games, and other media, legal according to Japanese law (shinkokuzai).^[5] Since Comiket's inauguration, sample copies of all works sold at Comiket are collected and archived by ComiketPC, with over 2.1 million works having been archived.^[3]

Trends in derivative works

The number of doujin circles producing derivative works for given media properties, from Comiket 84 (August 2013) to Comiket 97 (December 2019).[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

Cosplay

Elaborately dressed cosplayers at Comiket 69 in December 2005

Comiket is a major outlet for cosplay enthusiasts. Since Comiket 80 in 2011, restrictions on cosplaying have been gradually relaxed, with a shift from regulating objects (e.g. a ban on items that could be used as weapons) to regulating behavior (e.g. a ban on swinging around long objects).^[3] Some general contemporary guidelines include not wearing clothes that are too revealing, not imitating uniformed officers, and being out of cosplay when arriving/departing from Comiket.^[15]

Corporate booths

Comiket hosts 190 corporate booths each year. This includes both large commercial companies, such as video game studios and manga publishers, as well as celebrity meet and greet sessions.^[3]

Operations

Schedule

Entry queue to Comiket 90 in August 2016

Comiket is held twice yearly, in August and December. These events are distinguished as "Summer Comic Market" (Natsukomi) and "Winter Comic Market" (Fuyukomi).^[16] Since 1995, both events have run for three days each, with Summer Comiket generally occurring Friday to Sunday in mid-August, and Winter Comiket generally occurring the three days prior to New Year's Day. Starting with Comiket 96, the events have been four days long,^[17] with the exception of Comiket 103 and 104, which, due to recent COVID-19 pandemic, were reduced to two days each. Both events run daily from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m, with corporate booths open until 5:00 p.m and the entire convention closing an hour early on the final day of the event.^[18] Comiket has been held at Tokyo Big Sight in Ariake, Tokyo since 1996.^[19] Comiket 98, which was planned for August 2020, was the event's first cancellation in its history as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;^[20] Comiket 99, which would have been held in December 2020 was instead held in December 2021, two years after the last time it was held, and ran for only two days.^[1]

Event size

Crowds at Comiket 62 in August 2002

Comiket is the largest fan convention in the world,^[21] growing from fewer than 10,000 attendees in 1982^[22] to over half a million by 2004. Since 2007, attendee numbers have fluctuated in the region of 500,000 for Winter Comiket and 560,000 for Summer Comiket.^[23][b] Because of the extremely high volume of attendance at Comiket, mobile phone companies set up temporary antennas, while the Tokyo Metro makes special arrangements to accommodate the large crowds. Hour-long queues to enter Comiket during peak hours are common, while some attendees queue up to five hours before the event to ensure early admission.^[18] Popular circles are frequently placed near the venue's loading docks so that their queues can extend outside.^[3] ComiketPC recommends that first-time attendees arrive in the afternoon to avoid queues.^[24]

Catalog

For every Comiket, a catalog is released that contains information about the event. The catalog includes a list of all participating circles, maps of the convention layout, directions to and from the convention, rules for the convention, results from surveys held among Comiket participants, articles about topics relevant to dōjinshi creators, and one to two pictures ("circle cuts") for every participating circle. It is available in print and DVD-ROM format, and since Comiket 83, is available online behind a partial paywall.^[25]

Catalogs are made available for sale at stores two weeks before the event.^[26] The print version is roughly the size of an average phone book, while the DVD-ROM version includes features such as advanced search functions and a clickable map. To date, there is no English edition of the catalog available, though the catalog does contain a four-page basic guide for attending Comiket in English, Chinese, and Korean.^[27]

Prior to Comiket 96, a purchased catalog was not required for admission to Comiket (see 2020 Summer Olympics changes below).

Participants

A circle ticket for Comiket 88. The ticket uses holography to prevent counterfeiting and includes the personal information of the exhibitor (blurred in this image) to prevent scalping.

The overwhelming majority of Comiket circle participants are amateur and hobbyist artists: 70% of participating circles lose money, while only 15% turn a profit.^[3] The majority of circle participants at Comiket are female, with women composing 57% of participating circles at Comiket 84.^[3] General attendees at Comiket tend to skew male, with men comprising 64% of attendees at Comiket 78.^[28]

Of the Comiket circle participants, a 2011 poll showed that nearly half participated because attending the event and showing off their work is enjoyable, and a significant percentage came to spread their works to the public.^[29] A smaller percentage of dōjinshi creators' goal is to promote an idea or opinion through attending Comiket.^[29]

The majority of those participating in circles in 2010 said that they are a part of a one-person circle (59%), while two-person (20%) and three-person (8%) circles were also common.^[30]

Philanthropy

Since 1993, ComiketPC has donated over ¥60 million to sustainable forest management to offset paper used in the production of dōjinshi.^[3] Since 2007, ComiketPC has worked with the Japanese Red Cross Society to organize bloodmobiles at Comiket events, with donors given Comiket-exclusive posters depicting characters from anime and video games. The Red Cross receives an estimated 1,500 blood donations at each Comiket.^[31][32]

History

Meikyu [ja], a manga criticism circle that founded the Comiket

Space Battleship Yamato's Cosplay at Comiket 8, held in April 1978 at Ōta City Industrial Building [ja]

Crowds at Comiket 49, held in December 1995 at Harumi Fairgrounds [ja]

Comiket was inaugurated in 1975 by Meikyu [ja] (Labyrinth), a dōjin circle founded by Yoshihiro Yonezawa, Teruo Harada [ja], and Jun Aniwa [ja] while studying at Meiji University.^[33] The first Comiket was organized amid a period of immense change and upheaval for manga as a medium, characterized by the closure of the experimental manga magazine COM and the ascendance of the Year 24 Group.^[34][35][36] A 1975 incident in which a dōjin creator applying for Nihon Manga Taikai [ja] was refused admission after criticizing the convention's focus on professional guests over dōjin creators in her application became a catalyst for the founding of Comiket as a fan convention.^[37][33]

As Comiket grew, a lottery system to allocate exhibition space was implemented in 1979, as the number of applications from circles began to surpass available space.^[3] In 1981 the event moved to Harumi Fairgrounds [ja] and began publishing an event catalog in 1982. Comiket would change locations frequently throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, as the Japanese bubble economy led to an upsurge in trade shows that made it difficult to secure a consistent venue. The murders by Tsutomu Miyazaki and subsequent moral panic against otaku would lead to further difficulties in Comiket's ability to secure a venue.^[3] Tokyo Big Sight hosted Comiket for the first time in 1996, and remains the convention's primary venue. In 1998 (C54), an arsonist placed incendiary devices in the venue the day before the event, which were noticed and neutralized with no major damage; the event was held as normal, though with heightened security. The arsonist was caught at the following event.^[38]

In 2012, anonymous threats made against circles creating works related to Kuroko's Basketball led Comiket to prohibit the sale of all Kuroko's Basketball-related items at Comiket 85 (see Kuroko's Basketball § Controversies).^[39] Organizers refunded the registration fees for the roughly 900 circles producing Kuroko's Basketball items, resulting in a loss for Comiket of roughly ¥10 million.^[40] In 2015, ComiketPC organized a special event specifically focused on doujinshi related to the series.^[41] Affectionately nicknamed "Kuroket", the event hosted approximately 2,400 circles producing Kuroko's Basketball items.^[42]

In August 2018, ComiketPC announced modified schedules for Comikets 96, 97, and 98 due to the 2020 Summer Olympics. As the east wing of Big Sight closed in 2019 for renovations in advance of the Olympics, the corporate booths of C96 and C97 were moved to Aomi Exhibition Hall, and both events expanded to four days of programming.^[43] Admission to both events required the purchase of a wristband – the first time in Comiket's history it was not free to attend – in order to offset the cost of running the event across four days, and to depress attendance in light of the smaller venue space.^[44] Wristbands for all four days were included with the purchase of a print event catalog, while individual wristbands for each day were available to purchase at Big Sight the day of the event.^[45] C98 in 2020 was slated to be moved to Golden Week in May in order to not conflict with the Olympics in August.^[46] On 27 March 2020, ComiketPC announced that C98 had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the first time a Comiket event has been cancelled.^[20] On 12 July 2020, it was announced that Comiket 99 would be postponed to 2021, taking place during Golden Week as C98 would have in order to not conflict with the Summer Olympics, which were also postponed. A virtual event titled "Air Comiket" was held in December to replace its originally planned dates.^[47] Comic Market 99 was ultimately delayed to December 2021, and ran for only two days with entry limited to 55,000 people per day by requiring ticket purchases.^[1]

Event history

No.	Year	Date	Dōjin circles[48]	Attendance[48][c]	Venues[48]
1	1975	21 December	32	700	Nissho Hall [ja]
2	1976	4 April	39	550	Itabashi Industrial Union Building (板橋産業連合会館)
3		25 July	56	500
4		19 December	80	700
5	1977	10 April	94	1,300	Ōta City Industrial Building (大田区産業会館)
6		30–31 July[d]	100	2,000
7		18 December	131	2,500
8	1978	2 April	144	2,000
CS1[e]		6 May	Un­known	250	Yotsuya Public Hall (四谷公会堂)
9		29–30 July	200	3,000
—[f]		15 November	Un­known	Un­known	Hitotsubashi University Kunitachi Campus
10		17 December	200	3,000	Ōta City Industrial Building
11	1979	8 April	218	3,000
12		28–29 July	330	4,000	Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Trade Center [ja]
13		23 December	290	4,000	Ōta City Industrial Building
14	1980	11 May	380	6,000	Kawasaki Shimin Plaza (川崎市民プラザ)
15		14 September	340	7,000
16		14 December	340	7,000
17	1981	5 April	400	8,000
18		15–16 August	512	10,000	Yokohama Sanbo Hall [ja]
19		20 December	600	9,000	Harumi Fairgrounds [ja]
20	1982	21 March	780	9,000
21		8 August	970	10,000
22		26 December	1,060	8,000
23[g]	1983	3 April	1,200	13,000
24		7 August	1,500	18,000
25		25 December	1,550	25,000
26	1984	19 August	2,400	30,000
27		23 December	2,300	25,000
28	1985	11 August	3,450	30,000
29		29 December	4,000	30,000
30	1986	10 August	3,900	35,000
31		27–28 December	4,400	40,000	Tokyo Ryutsu Center [ja]
32	1987	8–9 August	4,400	60,000
33		26–27 December	4,400	55,000
34	1988	13–14 August	9,200	70,000	Harumi Fairgrounds [ja]
35	1989	25–26 March	8,900	70,000
36		13–14 August	10,000	100,000
37		23–24 December	11,000	120,000	Makuhari Messe
38	1990	18–19 August	13,000	230,000
39		23–24 December	13,000	250,000
40	1991	16–17 August	11,000	200,000	Harumi Fairgrounds [ja]
41		29–30 December	14,000	200,000
42	1992	15–16 August	12,000	250,000
43		29–30 December	15,000	180,000
44	1993	15–16 August	15,000	250,000
45		29–30 December	16,000	200,000
46	1994	7–8 August	16,000	240,000
47		29–30 December	16,000	200,000
48	1995	18–20 August[h]	22,000	250,000
49		29–30 December	16,000	220,000
CS2[i]	1996	17 March	1,300	8,000
50		3–4 August	18,000	350,000	Tokyo Big Sight
51		28–29 December	22,000	220,000
52	1997	15–17 August	33,000	400,000
53		28–29 December	22,000	300,000
54	1998	14–16 August	33,000	380,000
55		29–30 December	23,000	300,000
56	1999	13–15 August	35,000	400,000
57		24–26 December	25,000	320,000
CS3[j]	2000	13–15 August	200	1,500	Okinawa Convention Center
58		11–13 August	35,000	430,000	Tokyo Big Sight
59		29–30 December	23,000	300,000
60[49]	2001	10–12 August	35,000	480,000
61[50]		29–31 December	23,000	360,000
62[51]	2002	9–11 August	35,000	480,000
63[52]		28–30 December	35,000	450,000
64[53]	2003	15–17 August	35,000	460,000
65[54]		28–30 December	35,000	420,000
66[55]	2004	15–17 August	35,000	510,000
67[56]		28–30 December	23,000	370,000
CS4[57][k]	2005	21 March	3,400	50,000
68[58]		12–14 August	35,000	480,000
69[59]		29–30 December	23,000	350,000
70[60]	2006	11–13 August	35,000	430,000
71[61]		29–31 December[l]	35,000	440,000
72[62]	2007	17–19 August	35,000	550,000
73[63]		29–31 December	35,000	500,000
74[64]	2008	15–17 August	35,000	550,000
75[65]		28–30 December	35,000	510,000
76[66]	2009	14–16 August	35,000	560,000
77[67]		29–31 December	35,000	510,000
CS5[68][m]	2010	14–16 August	1,500	33,000	Isejin Izumi-cho Kita Building (伊勢甚泉町北ビル)
78[69]		13–15 August	35,000	560,000	Tokyo Big Sight
79[70]		29–31 December	35,000	520,000
80[71]	2011	12–14 August	35,000	540,000
81[72]		29–31 December	35,000	500,000
82[73]	2012	10–12 August	35,000	560,000
83[74]		29–31 December	35,000	550,000
84[75]	2013	10–12 August	35,000	590,000
85[76]		29–31 December	35,000	520,000
86[77]	2014	15–17 August	35,000	550,000
87[78]		28–30 December	35,000	560,000
CS6[79][n]	2015	28–29 March	5,200	50,000	Makuhari Messe
88[80]		14–16 August	35,000	550,000	Tokyo Big Sight
89[81]		29–31 December	35,000	520,000
90[82]	2016	12–14 August	34,000	530,000
91[83]		29–31 December	36,000	550,000
92[84]	2017	11–13 August	32,000	500,000
93[85]		29–31 December	32,000	550,000
94[86]	2018	10–12 August	35,000	530,000
95[87]		29–31 December	35,000	570,000
96[88]	2019	9–12 August[o]	32,000	730,000	Tokyo Big Sight & Aomi Exhibition Hall
97[2]		28–31 December	32,000	750,000
98[20]	2020	Cancelled[p]	—	—	—
99[90]	2021	30–31 December[q]	20,000	110,000[b]	Tokyo Big Sight
100[92]	2022	13–14 August	20,000	170,000
101[93]		30–31 December	20,000	180,000
102[94]	2023	12–13 August	21,000	260,000
103[95]		30–31 December	25,900	270,000
104[96]	2024	11–12 August	24,000	260,000
105	2024	29–30 December

See also

• Lucca Comics & Games, the largest comics festival in Europe, and the second biggest in the world after the Comiket
• Comic World, an anime and doujin festival with events in South Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan
• Comifuro, a doujin convention in Indonesia.
• Anime Expo, an anime convention in Los Angeles, California
• Japan Expo, a Japanese pop culture convention in France
• Overload, a doujin festival in New Zealand
• Comica Comiket, a one-day small-press and minicomics market held in conjunction with Comica, the London International Comics Festival (2007–2016)

Notes

1. Attendance was capped at 55,000 people per day as a preventative health measure due to the COVID-19 pandemic;^[1] attendance at the most recent pre-COVID Comiket in December 2019 was 750,000.^[2]
2. Attendance at Comiket 99 was capped at 55,000 people per day as a preventative health measure due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[1]
3. Comiket records attendance as the sum total of attendees on each day of the event, and does not account for repeat attendees across multiple days.
4. First ever two-day Comiket.
5. Held as the first "Comiket Special" (コミケスペシャル).
6. Held as the "Comic Market in Ikkyosai" (コミックマーケットin一橋祭).
7. The final annual spring event.
8. First ever three-day Comiket.
9. Held as the "Farewell Harumi!! Comiket Special" (さよなら晴海!!コミケットスペシャル).
10. Held as the "Resort Comiket in Okinawa. Comiket Special 3" (リゾコミin沖縄コミケットスペシャル３).
11. Held as the "30th Anniversary 24 Hours (!?) of Comiket Special 4" (30周年記念24耐(!?)コミケットスペシャル4).
12. First Comiket held during Ōmisoka.
13. Held as the "Comiket Special 5 in Mito" (コみケッとスペシャル５ in 水戸).
14. Held as the "Comiket Special 6 Otaku Sumit 2015" (コミケットスペシャル６ OTAKU SUMMIT 2015).
15. First ever four-day Comiket.
16. Scheduled for 2–5 May 2020; cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. First ever Comiket event to be cancelled.^[89]
17. Scheduled for 28–31 December 2020; postponed twice (first to 2–5 May 2021, then to 30–31 December 2021) due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[91]

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Further reading

• "What is Comic Market?", a presentation by the Comic Market Preparatory Committee, February 2008
• "The Japan Comic Market FAQ: A Gaijin's Guide to Comike", a guide for tourists attending Comiket, August 2004 (via Archive)
• "How to Comiket, Part I: Intelligence" and "Part II: Strategy", a guide for tourists attending Comiket, July 2005 (via Archive)
• "Ticktank's English Guide to Comiket", a guide for tourists attending Comiket, August 2008
• "The Road to Comiket", a guide for foreign creators applying for Comiket, December 2007 (via Archive)
• "The Fragile Heart of Moé", an 8-minute clip from a feature-length documentary about dojinshi and Comiket, 2010

External links

• Media related to Comic Market at Wikimedia Commons

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