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The southern red-backed vole or Gapper's red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) is a small slender vole found in Canada and the northern United States. It is closely related to the western red-backed vole (Clethrionomys californius), which lives to the south and west of its range and which is less red with a less sharply bicolored tail.
| Southern red-backed vole | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Cricetidae |
| Subfamily: | Arvicolinae |
| Genus: | Clethrionomys |
| Species: | C. gapperi |
| Binomial name | |
| Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors, 1830) | |
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These voles have short slender bodies with a reddish band along the back and a short tail. The sides of the body and head are grey and the underparts are paler. There is a grey color morph in the northeast part of their range. They are 12–16.5 cm (4.7–6.5 in) long with a 4 cm tail[2] and weigh about 6–42 g; average 20.6 g (0.21–1.48 oz; average 0.72 oz).[3] They are active year-round, mostly at night. They use burrows created by other small animals, such as squirrels and groundhogs.
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These animals are found in coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forests, often near wetlands. They tend to follow paths they have established, runways through the surface growth in warm weather and tunnels through the snow in winter. They are omnivorous, feeding on green plants, underground fungi, seeds, nuts, and roots, as well as insects, snails, and berries.[2] They can store foods such as roots, bulbs, and nuts to feed on later.
Female voles have two to four litters of two to eight young in a year.[2]
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