Chehel Sotoun

For the pavilion in Kabul, Afghanistan, see Chihil Sutun.

Chehel Sotoun (Persian: چهل‌ستون, lit. 'Forty Columns') is a Persian pavilion in the middle of a park at the far end of a long pool, in Isfahan, Iran, built by Shah Abbas II to be used for his entertainment and receptions. In this palace, Shah Abbas II and his successors would receive dignitaries and ambassadors, either on the terrace or in one of the stately reception halls.

Bagh-e Chehel Sotun
باغ چهل‌ستون

UNESCO World Heritage Site
Location	Isfahan, Isfahan Province, Iran
Part of	The Persian Garden
Criteria	Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)
Reference	1372-003
Inscription	2011 (35th Session)
Area	5.8 ha (620,000 sq ft)
Buffer zone	28.92 ha (3,113,000 sq ft)
Coordinates	32°39′27″N 51°40′20″E
Location of Chehel Sotoun in Iran

The name, meaning "Forty Columns" in Persian, was inspired by the twenty slender wooden columns supporting the entrance pavilion, which, when reflected in the waters of the fountain, is said to appear to be forty.^[1]

As with the Ali Qapu, the palace contains many frescoes and paintings on ceramic. Many of the ceramic panels have been dispersed and are now in the possession of major museums in the West. They depict specific historical scenes such as the infamous Battle of Chaldiran against the Ottoman Sultan Selim I, the reception of an Uzbek king in 1646, when the palace had just been completed, the welcoming of the Mughal Emperor Humayun who took refuge in Iran in 1544, and the Battle of Marv in 1510 where the Safavid Shah Ismail I vanquished and killed the Uzbek king. A more recent painting depicts Nader Shah's victory against the Indian Army at Karnal in 1739. There are also less historical, but more aesthetic compositions in the traditional miniature style, themed around life, love, and joy.^[2]

The Chehel Sotoun Palace is among the 9 Iranian gardens which are collectively registered as one of Iran's 23 registered World Heritage Sites under the name of the Persian Gardens.^[3]

Ceiling artworks and wall paintings

Architecture

In the pavilion, the combined designs of the walls and ceiling of the hall, which are placed in Lachak Toranj (corner and medallion), and the main lines of the building divisions, which are a combination of painting, tiling and other various decorations, make the building one of the best examples of Persian architecture during the Safavid era. At present, the mansion operates as a museum; and its central hall displays some works of art from different periods of Iran.^[4]

• 
  Muqarnas of Chehel Sotoun
• 
  Shah Tahmasp I
• 
  Day view of the palace
• 
  Rear view of the palace
• 
  Closer view of the palace
• 
  A sculpture in the garden
• 
  Golden muqarnas vaulting
• 
  Inside the museum
• 
  The Qur'an in kufic script
• 
  Fresco inside the palace
• 
  1840, by Pascal Coste
• 
  Fresco inside the palace
• 
  Artwork of the Battle of Chaldiran
• 
  Ceiling of Chehel Sotoun's mirror hall that contains Āina-kāri art
• 
  Paintings

Notes

1. Landor, Arnold Henry Savage (1902). Across Coveted Lands. London: MacMillan and Co., Limited. p. 323.
2. Honarfar, Lotfollah (1966). A Treasure of the Historical Monuments of Isfahan; Honarfar L. Isfahan: Saghafi.
3. "Otraq.com, Iran's Tourism Guide".
4. ww25.irpersiatour.com http://ww25.irpersiatour.com/blog/chehel-sotoun-find-out-about-another-historical-monument-of-isfahan/?subid1=20240426-1041-3645-adb9-b9b310fe0fdc. Retrieved 2024-04-26. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

Bibliography

• M. Ferrante: 'Čihil Sutūn: Etudes, relevés, restauration', Travaux de restauration de monuments historiques en Iran, ed. G. Zander (Rome, 1968), pp. 293–322
• E. Grube: 'Wall Paintings in the Seventeenth Century Monuments of Isfahan', Studies on Isfahan, ed. R. Holod, 2 vols, Iran. Stud., vii (1974), pp. 511–42
• S. Babaie: 'Shah Abbas II, the Conquest of Qandahar, the Chihil Sutun, and its Wall Paintings', Muqarnas, xi (1994), pp. 125–42

External links

• "Chehel Sotoun". Encyclopædia Iranica.
• More Pictures, Tishineh
• "About Chehel Sotoun" Irpersiatour