Charles Henderson may refer to:
- Charles E. Henderson (1907–1970), American songwriter and composer
- Charles Henderson (historian) (1900–1933), British historian and antiquarian of Cornwall
- Charles Henderson (bishop) (1924–2006), Irish-born UK Roman Catholic bishop
- Charles W. Henderson (born 1948), author of books about Marine Corps sniper Carlos Hathcock and Vietnam
- Charles Henderson (American football) (born 1946), former head football coach of Delaware State University
- Charles Cooper Henderson (1803–1877), British painter of horses and coaches
- Charles Henderson (character), fictional character in the Henderson's Boys and CHERUB series
- Charles Hanford Henderson (1861–1941), American educator and author
- Charles Henderson (weightlifter) (1922–2019), Australian weightlifter
- Charlie Henderson (1870–?), English footballer
- Charles Henderson, organist and choirmaster of St. George's Church from 1955-?, New York City.