traditions of Muhammad), Monsieur Gardet, who taught him French, and CallistoGuatelli and Italian Lombardi, who taught him to play piano. After Abdulaziz
Giuseppe Donizetti "March of Aziz" – for Abdülaziz (1861–1876), by CallistoGuatelli "March of Hamid" – for Abdul Hamid II (1876–1909), by Necip Paşa "March
"Aziziye Marşı" "March of Abdülaziz" 1861–1876 None (instrumental) CallistoGuatelli — "Hamidiye Marşı" "March of Abdulhamid" 1876–1909 Hacı Emin Bey Necip
Ottoman anthem and introduced European music to the Ottoman military CallistoGuatelli, Italian musician who continued Donizetti Pasha's work at the Ottoman