Ceruletide

Ceruletide (INN), also known as cerulein or caerulein, is a ten amino acid oligopeptide that stimulates smooth muscle and increases digestive secretions. Ceruletide is similar in action and composition to cholecystokinin. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction. It is used to induce pancreatitis in experimental animal models.

The tree frog Ranoidea caerulea, formerly named Hyla caerulae.

Ceruletide

Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
ATC code	V04CC04 (WHO)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (3S)-3-{[(1S)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenylethyl]carbamoyl}-3-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-{2-[(3R)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-4-carbamoyl-2-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}butanamido]-3-carboxypropanamido]-3-[4-(sulfooxy)phenyl]propanamido]-3-hydroxybutanamido]acetamido}-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamido]-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanamido]propanoic acid
CAS Number	17650-98-5 Y
PubChem CID	16219178
DrugBank	DB00403 N
ChemSpider	147304 N
UNII	888Y08971B
KEGG	D03442 N
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1201355 N
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8040434
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C58H73N13O21S2
Molar mass	1352.41 g·mol−1
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Ceruletide was discovered and its structure elucidated in 1967 by Australian and Italian scientists from dried skins of the Australian green tree frog (Ranoidea caerulea, formerly Hyla caerulea). Its amino acid sequence is Pglu-Gln-Asp-Tyr[SO₃H]-Thr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH₂.^[1][2]

Induction of pancreatitis

Ceruletide upregulates pancreatic acinar cell intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) proteins through intracellular upregulation of NF-κB. Surface ICAM-1 in turn promotes neutrophil adhesion onto acinar cells enhancing pancreatic inflammation.^[3] In addition to promoting the inflammatory cell reaction to acinar cells, ceruletide induces pancreatitis through dysregulation of digestive enzyme production and cytoplasmic vacuolization, leading to acinar cell death and pancreatic edema. Ceruletide also activates NADPH oxidase, a source of reactive oxygen species contributing to inflammation, as well as the Janus kinase/signal transducer, another inflammation inducer.^[4]

See also

• Pancreatitis

References

1. Anastasi A, Erspamer V, Endean R (September 1967). "Isolation and structure of caerulein, an active decapeptide from the skin of Hyla caerulea". Experientia. 23 (9): 699–700. doi:10.1007/BF02154119. PMID 6062875.
2. De Caro G, Endean R, Erspamer V, Roseghini M (May 1968). "Occurrence of caerulein in extracts of the skin of Hyla caerulea and other Australian hylids". British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. 33 (1): 48–58. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1968.tb00473.x. PMC 1570274. PMID 5660165.
3. Zaninovic V, Gukovskaya AS, Gukovsky I, Mouria M, Pandol SJ (October 2000). "Cerulein upregulates ICAM-1 in pancreatic acinar cells, which mediates neutrophil adhesion to these cells". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 279 (4): G666-76. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.4.G666. PMID 11005752.
4. Kim H (September 2008). "Cerulein pancreatitis: oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis". Gut and Liver. 2 (2): 74–80. doi:10.5009/gnl.2008.2.2.74. PMC 2871591. PMID 20485614.