Breg (river)

The Breg is a river, 46 kilometres long, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, and the primary headstream of the Danube.

Breg
The source of the Breg is the geographical source of the Danube and is a protected monument
Location
Country	Germany
State	Baden-Württemberg
District	Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis
Reference no.	DE: 1111
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	St. Martin's Chapel, 6 km northwest of Furtwangen
• coordinates	48°05′43″N 8°09′18″E
• elevation	1,078 m above sea level (NN)
Mouth
• location	Confluence: with the Brigach to form the Danube east of Donaueschingen
• coordinates	47°57′04″N 8°31′14″E
• elevation	ca. 672 m above sea level (NN)
Length	46.153 km [1]
Basin size	291.488 km² [2]
Discharge
• location	at Donaueschingen gauge
• average	5.95 m³/s
Basin features
Progression	Danube→ Black Sea
Landmarks	Small towns: Furtwangen, Vöhrenbach, Bräunlingen, Hüfingen, Donaueschingen

Description

The Breg is the longest and biggest headstream of the river Danube. It flows through the southeast part of the Middle Black Forest and the lowlands of the Baar region.

The Breg rises at a height of 1,078 m above sea level (NN), six kilometres northwest of Furtwangen. Its source, which is near St. Martin's Chapel and is also called the source of the Danube or Donauquelle, is protected as a natural monument. It is located about 100 metres south-east of the Rhine / Danube watershed (the great European Watershed). Beyond that, about 900 metres away is the source of the Elz, which flows in the same longitudinal valley but initially in the opposite direction, to the north, and later flows into the Rhine.

Confluence with the Brigach (rear right) to form the River Danube (foreground right)

In its upper section, known as the Katzensteig, the Breg valley is a result of glaciation, with a low gradient and landscape characterized by large Black Forest houses. Between the towns of Furtwangen and Vöhrenbach, the Breg flows eastwards through a broader and somewhat more densely populated valley, then in a generally southeasterly direction through a solitary forest valley, accompanied by a road and the route of the former Breg Valley Railway, which is now a bicycle track. Shortly before Hammereisenbach-Bregenbach, the Breg is joined by the Linach just below the Linach Dam and, in the village, by the Hammerbach, a short tributary, but the most important thanks to its two large headstreams. Near Bräunlingen, the Breg meets the Röthenbach stream at the Kirnbergsee. Here the Breg leaves the Black Forest and continues via Hüfingen to Donaueschingen, through wide, open countryside on the plateau of the Baar.

After 46.2 kilometres, the Breg merges with the Brigach in Donaueschingen to form the Danube. Since the Breg is both the longest and most voluminous river of the Danube, with a catchment area of 291.5 km², its source is considered hydrographically as the source of the Danube.

Tributaries

This list only shows the more important tributaries. For the full list see de: Liste der Zuflüsse der Breg

• Schützenbach (left)
• Hintere Breg (right)
• Rohrbach (left)
• Langenbach (left)
• Linach (right)
• Hammerbach (right) with the upper reaches of the Eisenbach and Urach
• Forbach (left)
• Kohldobelbächle (left)
• Reichenbächle (right)
• Weiherbach (left)
• Landgraben (right)
• Röthenbach (right)