Mongondow, or Bolaang Mongondow, is one of the Philippine languages spoken in Bolaang Mongondow Regency and neighbouring regencies of North Sulawesi (Celebes) and Gorontalo Provinces, Indonesia.[2] With more than 200,000 speakers, it is the major language of the regency. Historically, it served as the official language of the Bolaang Mongondow Kingdom.[3]
| Mongondow | |
|---|---|
| Bolaang Mongondow | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | North Sulawesi |
| Ethnicity | Mongondow people |
Native speakers | 230,000 (2000 census)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mog |
| Glottolog | mong1342 |
There is some lexical influence from Malay and Ternate,[4][5][6] as well as the Indonesian national language.[7] It is a threatened language, with a shift to Manado Malay in the younger generation.[8] The moribund Lolak language has borrowed much of its lexicon from Mongondow, but appears to be more closely related to Gorontalo.[9][10]
Phonology
Mongondow has the following phoneme inventory:[11]
The lateral /l/ is pronounced as alveolar [l] when adjacent to the front vowels /e/, /i/. In all other environments, it is a retroflex [ɭ].[12]
Grammar
Pronouns
The personal pronouns are:[13]
| nominative | genitive | oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.sg. | akuoy | -ku | inako' |
| 2.sg. | iko | -mu | inimu |
| 3.sg. | sia | -ea/-nya | inia |
| 1.pl.inclusive | kita | -naton | inaton |
| 1.pl.exclusive | kami | -nami | inami |
| 2.pl. | mo'iko kamu-* |
-monimu -namu-* |
imonimu -inamu-* |
| 3.pl. | mosia taya-* |
-monia -naya-* |
imonia inaya-* |
| * kamu-, taya- etc. are used with suffixed numerals, e.g. taya-tolu 'the three of them' | |||
Numerals
| 1 | inta' / mita'[14] |
|---|---|
| 2 | dua' / doyowa' |
| 3 | tolu' |
| 4 | opat |
| 5 | lima |
| 6 | onom |
| 7 | pitu |
| 8 | ualu |
| 9 | siow |
| 10 | mopulu' |
| 11 | mopulu' bo mita' |
| 12 (...) |
mopulu' bo doyowa' |
| 20 | doyowa no pulu' |
| 21 (...) |
doyowa no pulu' bo mita' |
| 30 | tolu no pulu' |
| 40 (...) |
opat no pulu' |
| 100 | mogatut |
| 200 (...) |
doyowa no gatut |
| 1000 | tongo ribu |
| 2000 (...) |
doyowa no ribu |
References
Bibliography
External links
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