Hematologic disease

Hematologic diseases are disorders which primarily affect the blood and blood-forming organs. Hematologic diseases include rare genetic disorders, anemia, HIV, sickle cell disease and complications from chemotherapy or transfusions.

Hematologic disease
Specialty	Hematology

Myeloid

• Hemoglobinopathies (congenital abnormality of the hemoglobin molecule or of the rate of hemoglobin synthesis)
  • Sickle cell disease
  • Thalassemia
  • Methemoglobinemia
• Anemias (lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin)
  • Iron-deficiency anemia
  • Megaloblastic anemia
    • Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
      • Pernicious anemia
    • Folate deficiency
  • Hemolytic anemias (destruction of red blood cells)
    • Genetic disorders of RBC membrane
      • Hereditary spherocytosis
      • Hereditary elliptocytosis
      • Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
    • Genetic disorders of RBC metabolism
      • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
      • Pyruvate kinase deficiency
    • Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (direct Coombs test is positive)
      • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
        • Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
          • Idiopathic
          • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
          • Evans syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and hemolytic antibodies)
        • Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
          • Cold agglutinin disease
          • Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)
          • Infectious mononucleosis
      • Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
        • Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
          • Rh disease (Rh D)
          • ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
          • Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn
          • Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn
          • Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn
          • Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kid, Duffy, MN, P and others)
      • Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anemia
        • Penicillin (high dose)
        • Methyldopa
    • Hemoglobinopathies (where these is an unstable or crystalline hemoglobin)
    • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (rare acquired clonal disorder of red blood cell surface proteins)
    • Direct physical damage to RBCs
      • Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
      • Secondary to artificial heart valve(s)
  • Aplastic anemia
    • Fanconi anemia
    • Diamond–Blackfan anemia (inherited pure red cell aplasia)
    • Acquired pure red cell aplasia
• Decreased numbers of cells
  • Myelodysplastic syndrome
  • Myelofibrosis
  • Neutropenia (decrease in the number of neutrophils)
  • Agranulocytosis
  • Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
  • Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the number of platelets)
    • Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
    • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
    • Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
• Myeloproliferative disorders (Increased numbers of cells)
  • Polycythemia vera (increase in the number of cells in general)
  • Erythrocytosis (increase in the number of red blood cells)
  • Leukocytosis (increase in the number of white blood cells)
  • Thrombocytosis (increase in the number of platelets)
  • Myeloproliferative disorder
  • Transient myeloproliferative disease
• Coagulopathies (disorders of bleeding and coagulation)
  • Thrombocytosis
  • Recurrent thrombosis
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • Disorders of clotting proteins
    • Hemophilia
      • Hemophilia A
      • Hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease)
      • Hemophilia C
    • Von Willebrand disease
    • Disseminated intravascular coagulation
    • Protein S deficiency
    • Antiphospholipid syndrome
  • Disorders of platelets
    • Thrombocytopenia
    • Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
    • Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome

Hematological malignancies

• Hematological malignancies
  • Lymphomas
    • Hodgkin's disease
    • Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma {includes the next five entries}
      • Burkitt's lymphoma
      • Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
      • Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
      • Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
      • Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT)
  • Myelomas
    • Multiple myeloma
    • Waldenström macroglobulinemia
    • Plasmacytoma
  • Leukemias increased WBC
    • Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
    • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL){now included in theCLL/SCLL type NHL}
    • Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
    • Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), a sub-type of acute myelogenous leukemia
    • Chronic Idiopathic Myelofibrosis (MF)
    • Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
    • T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL)
    • B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL)
    • Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL)
    • Hairy cell leukemia (HCL)
    • T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL)
    • Aggressive NK-cell leukemia

Miscellaneous

• Hemochromatosis
• Asplenia
• Hypersplenism
  • Gaucher's disease
• Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
• Tempi syndrome

Hematological changes secondary to non-hematological disorders

• Anemia of chronic disease
• Infectious mononucleosis
• AIDS
• Malaria
• Leishmaniasis