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African-American prison and street gang From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Black Guerrilla Family (BGF, also known as the Black Gorilla Family,[6][7] the Black Family,[8] the Black Vanguard,[9] and Jamaa[8]) is an African American black power prison gang, street gang, and political organization founded in 1966 by George Jackson, George "Big Jake" Lewis, and W.L. Nolen while they were incarcerated at San Quentin State Prison in Marin County, California.[10]
Black Guerrilla Family logo | |
| Founded | 1966[1] |
|---|---|
| Founder | George Jackson[2] |
| Founding location | San Quentin State Prison, California, United States[2] |
| Years active | 1966–present |
| Territory | California and Maryland[1] |
| Ethnicity | African American[1] |
| Membership (est.) | 100–300 members[1][3] Thousands of associates[3] |
| Activities | Drug trafficking, burglary and homicide[1] |
| Allies | Current: Black Disciples[2] Bloods[2] Crips[2] Dead Man Incorporated[4] El Rukn[2] KUMI 415[5] Norteños[1] Nuestra Familia[2] Historical: Black Liberation Army[2] Symbionese Liberation Army[2] Weather Underground[2] |
| Rivals | Aryan Brotherhood[2] Aryan Brotherhood of Texas[2] Mexican Mafia[2] Texas Syndicate[2] |
The Black Guerrilla Family (BGF) was founded by George Jackson in San Quentin State Prison during the Black Power movement.[11] Inspired by Marcus Garvey, the BGF characterizes itself as an ideological African-American Marxist–Leninist[12] revolutionary organization composed of prisoners. It was founded with the stated goals of promoting black power, maintaining dignity in prison, and overthrowing the United States government. The BGF's ideological and economic aims, collectively known as "Jamaanomics", are laid out in the group's Black Book.[13][8] The group has been described as one of the most politically oriented prison gangs.[14]
In 1979, former BGF lawyer Fay Stender was shot five times by recently paroled Black Guerrilla Family member Edward Glenn Brooks for Stender's alleged betrayal of George Jackson. Brooks forced Stender to state: "I, Fay Stender, admit I betrayed George Jackson and the prison movement when they needed me most" just before he shot her.[15] Stender was left paralyzed below the waist by the assault and in constant pain. She committed suicide in Hong Kong shortly after she testified against Brooks.[16] Brooks was sentenced to 17 years' imprisonment for Stender's attempted murder in 1980.[17]
On August 22, 1989, co-founder and leader of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense, Huey P. Newton was fatally shot outside 1456 9th St. in West Oakland by 25-year-old Black Guerrilla Family member Tyrone Robinson.[18] Relations between Newton and factions within the Black Guerrilla Family had been strained for nearly two decades. Many former Black Panthers who became BGF members in jail were disenchanted with Newton for his perceived abandonment of imprisoned Black Panther Party members. In his book, Shadow of the Panther, Hugh Pearson alleges that Newton was addicted to crack cocaine, and his extortion of local BGF drug dealers to obtain free drugs added to their animosity.[19]
Robinson was convicted of the murder in August 1991 and sentenced to 32 years for the crime.[20]
In 2015, Baltimore police stated that the Black Guerrilla Family, the Bloods, and the Crips were "teaming up" to target police officers.[21] Later, however, leaders of both the Bloods and the Crips denied the allegations,[22] released a video statement asking for calm and peaceful protest in the area,[23] and joined with police and clergy to enforce the curfew.[24] At one occasion, gang members helped to prevent a riot at the Security Square Mall by dispersing attempted rioters.[25] On other occasions, rival gang members helped each other to protect black-owned businesses, black children, and reporters, diverting rioters to Chinese- and Arab-owned businesses instead.[26]
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